Education level, income level and mental health services use in Canada: associations and policy implications
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BACKGROUND: Investigations of socio-economic gradients in mental health services use in Canada have used different measures of socio-economic status and have shown conflicting results. We explored the relationships between education level, income level and mental health services use among people with a mental illness using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Cycle 1.2. METHODS: We included adults who met the criteria for an anxiety or depressive disorder in the past 12 months (n=3,101). We calculated the likelihood of seeking mental healthcare from a psychiatrist, psychologist, family physician or social worker over a period of 12 months by education level. RESULTS: For each additional level of education, individuals were 15% more likely to see a psychiatrist, 12% more likely to see a family doctor, 16% more likely to see a psychologist and 16% more likely to see a social worker. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: We found marked inequity in mental health services use by education level that was consistent across service types. Programs aiming to deliver targeted services to consumers who have not completed high school should be developed and evaluated.
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Educational attainment has been linked to mental health treatment-seeking.
“Lastly, the majority of participants were college-educated, which may have implications for measuring attitudes toward Internet-based mental health treatments as educational attainment has been linked to mental health treatment-seeking (53).”
From Improving Acceptability and Uptake Behavior for Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
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Help-seeking for Social Anxiety symptoms in Ghana: Looking through the lens of sexist attitudes
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- Authors
- Steele, L., Dewa, C., Lin, E., & Lee, K.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Venue
- Healthcare Policy | Politiques de Santé
- Publisher
- Longwoods Publishing
- Published
- 2007-08-15
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 96-106
- ISSN
- 1715-6572 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-6580
- PMC
- PMC2645130
- OpenAlex
- W2053358532
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Healthcare policy (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Keywords
- mental health service utilization, educational attainment, income level, socioeconomic status, mental illness, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, help-seeking, health disparities, mental health policy, general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, Canadian Community Health Survey
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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