Evaluation of Street Food Safety and Hygiene Practices of Food Vendors in Can Tho City of Vietnam

Most studies collected information through a combination of interviews and questionnaire-based surveys.

“Most of the studies collected information through a combination of interviews and questionnaire-based surveys [47,48,52,55,56,59,61,62,63,64,66,69].”

Among 10 studies, the proportion of female participants was notably higher than males.

“Among the 10 studies [48,49,53,56,59,62,63,66,68,69] the proportion of female participants was notably higher than the males.”

Studies identified average knowledge levels among Vietnamese and Haitian consumers, with notable gaps in recognizing specific foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp.

“Studies [62,67] identified average knowledge levels among Vietnamese and Haitian consumers, with notable gaps in recognizing specific foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp.”

Nine studies focused exclusively on food safety knowledge or awareness.

“Nine studies [48,50,56,57,59,60,61,62,65] focused exclusively on food safety knowledge or awareness, and one study [66] examined food safety practices alone.”

Other studies described knowledge as average or mixed.

“Several studies reported good or satisfactory knowledge levels [49,50,51,52,57,58,60,63,68], while other studies described knowledge as average or mixed [47,55,61,62,67,71].”

Age was positively associated with food safety knowledge in studies conducted in Ghana, Vietnam, Nigeria, and Jordan.

“age was also positively associated with food safety knowledge in studies conducted in Ghana [50,60,70], Vietnam [62,68], Nigeria [64], and Jordan [49].”

In several studies, individuals with higher levels of education exhibited significantly better food safety knowledge and attitudes.

“In several studies, individuals with higher levels of education exhibited significantly better food safety knowledge and attitudes [57,61,62,63,65,68,72].”

Overall, findings on attitudes were mixed: one study reported predominantly poor attitudes, three reported average attitudes, one reported generally positive attitudes, and two showed mixed results.

“Overall, findings were mixed: one study reported predominantly poor attitudes [52], three reported average attitudes [62,67,71], one reported generally positive attitudes [68], and two showed mixed results [55,63].”

Employment status was significantly associated with knowledge and practice in several contexts, including among pregnant women, general consumers, and university students.

“Employment status was significantly associated with knowledge and practice in several contexts, including among pregnant women [51], general consumers [62], and university students [54,58].”

Other studies found no significant gender-based differences in knowledge or attitude.

“while others found no significant gender-based differences in knowledge or attitude [51,57,58,60,62,67,68,70].”

Several studies showed that higher education levels were significantly associated with better KAP scores across various settings and populations.

“Several studies showed that higher education levels were significantly associated with better KAP scores across various settings and populations (e.g., [52,62,64,68,72]).”

While three studies found adequate and satisfactory attitudes, one identified poor attitudes, and other studies revealed mixed results.

“While three studies [62,67,71] found adequate and satisfactory attitudes, one [52] identified poor attitudes, and other studies [55,63] revealed mixed results.”

While some studies reported good or satisfactory levels of knowledge, ten studies found low or poor levels and substantial knowledge or awareness gaps, while six studies showed average or mixed findings.

“While some studies (e.g., [49,51,60]) reported good or satisfactory levels of knowledge, ten studies (e.g., [53,65]) found low or poor levels and substantial knowledge or awareness gaps, while six studies [47,55,61,62,67,71] showed average or mixed findings.”