Why I Am Not a Buddhist
Abstract
A provocative essay challenging the idea of Buddhist exceptionalism, from one of the world’s most widely respected philosophers and writers on Buddhism and science Buddhism has become a uniquely favored religion in our modern age. A burgeoning number of books extol the scientifically proven benefits of meditation and mindfulness for everything ranging from business to romance. There are conferences, courses, and celebrities promoting the notion that Buddhism is spirituality for the rational; compatible with cutting-edge science; indeed, “a science of the mind.” In this provocative book, Evan Thompson argues that this representation of Buddhism is false. In lucid and entertaining prose, Thompson dives deep into both Western and Buddhist philosophy to explain how the goals of science and religion are fundamentally different. Efforts to seek their unification are wrongheaded and promote mistaken ideas of both. He suggests cosmopolitanism instead, a worldview with deep roots in both Eastern and Western traditions. Smart, sympathetic, and intellectually ambitious, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in Buddhism’s place in our world today.
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An understanding of a contemplative practice which only considered an isolated, individual practitioner and specific technique would be insufficient to understanding the operation and effects of the practice and would not even be a full representation of the practice itself.
“That is, an understanding of a contemplative practice which only considered an isolated, individual practitioner and specific technique would, first, be insufficient to understanding the operation and effects of the practice and, second, would not even be a full representation of the practice itself (Thompson 2020).”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020
Scientific scholarly and religious traditions may have quite different views of the ethics of knowledge.
“In particular, (scientific) scholarly and religious traditions may have quite different views of the ethics of knowledge (Thompson 2020, 184).”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020, 184
This position is insufficient, as it denies the historical and socio-cultural location of scientific knowledge-making practices.
“However, as Thompson (2020) argues, this position is insufficient, as it denies the historical and socio-cultural location of scientific knowledgemaking practices.”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020
It also denies the fact that, while providing an exceptional avenue to mapping factual elements of reality, scientific disciplines generally fail to account for questions about what is valuable in human life.
“It also denies the fact that, while providing an exceptional avenue to mapping factual elements of reality, scientific disciplines generally fail to account for questions about what is valuable in human life.”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020
Following Appiah, Thompson (2020) presents the notion of cosmopolitanism, and the associated practice of conversation as such an alternative model.
“Following Appiah, Thompson (2020) presents the notion of cosmopolitanism, and the associated practice of conversation as such an alternative model.”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020
A cosmopolitan is not a citizen of nowhere but an interested guest or visitor.
“Quoting Phillip J. Ivanhoe, Thompson (2020) points out that 'a cosmopolitan is not a citizen of nowhere but an interested guest or visitor' (188).”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020, 188
This form of knowledge is 'a collective mode of knowing - with its own ethics of mutual respect and getting to know one another'.
“This form of knowledge is 'a collective mode of knowing -with its own ethics of mutual respect and getting to know one another' (185).”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020, 185
Conversation across different traditions 'destabilizes one's background assumptions and commitments'.
“Conversation across different traditions 'destabilizes one's background assumptions and commitments' (180).”
From Introducing interdisciplinary contemplative pedagogy: a case study of ‘ <i>The Art and Science of Meditation</i> ’ (2026) · cites this paper as Thompson 2020, 180
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From many to (n)one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind
Laukkonen, R. E., & Slagter, H. A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.021 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Roeser, R. W., Greenberg, M. T., Frazier, T., Galla, B. M., Semenov, A. D., & Warren, M. T. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02017-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Sustainable Compassion Training: Integrating Meditation Theory With Psychological Science
Condon, P., & Makransky, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02249 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bowles, N. I., Davies, J. N., Strohmaier, S., Galante, J., & Van Dam, N. T. (2026) · Journal of Contemplative Studies · doi:10.57010/caxs3076 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
McCaw, C. T., Sun, H., Galante, J., Joyce, C., & Van Dam, N. T. (2026) · Pedagogy, Culture & Society · doi:10.1080/14681366.2025.2599345 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Thompson, E.
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Evan
- ORCID
- Thompson, Evan
- Venue
- Yale University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Yale University Press
- Published
- 2020-01-17
- OpenAlex
- W2955500314
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 25.41
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Yale University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
- Keywords
- Buddhism, science and religion, cosmopolitanism, meditation, mindfulness, Western philosophy, Eastern philosophy, Evan Thompson
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