Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual College Students: The Relationship Between Sexual Orientation and Depression, Loneliness, and Suicide
Abstract
This study compared 70 gay male/lesbian/bisexual (lesbigay) college students with a control group of 154 college students on measures of loneliness, depression, and suicidal risk. Results indicated significant differences in several important areas. Issues concerning a variety of attitudes/feelings of the gay male/lesbian/bisexual group are discussed as are implications for college mental health and student development professionals.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
LGB individuals are significantly more likely to experience isolation, prejudice, loneliness, and suicide attempts.
“Research conducted by Westefeld, Maples, Buford, and Taylor (22) showed that LGB individuals are significantly more likely to experience isolation, prejudice, loneliness, and suicide attempts, which, according to the authors, is not due to their sexual orientation itself, but may be related to homophobic persecution and lack of support.”
The higher rates of isolation, prejudice, loneliness, and suicide attempts among LGB individuals are not due to their sexual orientation itself, but may be related to homophobic persecution and lack of support.
“Research conducted by Westefeld, Maples, Buford, and Taylor (22) showed that LGB individuals are significantly more likely to experience isolation, prejudice, loneliness, and suicide attempts, which, according to the authors, is not due to their sexual orientation itself, but may be related to homophobic persecution and lack of support.”
Cites
Cognitive Therapy for Depression
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675542012-001 · Cited by 9,678 · see citing works
UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure
Russell, D. W. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2 · Cited by 5,800 · see citing works
Review of personality and social psychology
Davies, M. (1983) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90072-7 · Cited by 3,393 · see citing works
Cognitive Therapy of Depression
Fischer, H. (1980) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(80)73639-3 · Cited by 1,612 · see citing works
National Lesbian Health Care Survey: Implications for mental health care.
Bradford, J., Ryan, C., & Rothblum, E. D. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.62.2.228 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
National Lesbian Health Care Survey: Implications for mental health care.
Bradford, J., Ryan, C., & Rothblum, E. D. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.2.228 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Anti-Gay Violence and Victimization in the United States
Berrill, K. T. (1990) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626090005003003 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Lesbians' and gay men's experiences of discrimination and harassment in a university community
D’Augelli, A. R. (1989) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00931039 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Homophobia in a University Community: Attitudes and Experiences of Heterosexual Freshmen.
D’Augelli, A. R., & Rose, M. (1990) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Documenting Prejudice Against Lesbians and Gay Men on Campus:
Herek, G. M. (1993) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1300/j082v25n04_02 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Suicidal Behavior in Adolescent and Young Adult Gay Men
Schneider, S. G., Farberow, N. L., & Kruks, G. N. (1989) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1989.tb00568.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Suicide and depression among college students.
Westefeld, J. S., & Furr, S. (1987) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.18.2.119 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationResearch on social support, loneliness, and social isolation: Toward an integration.
Rook, K. S. (1984) · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Sexual Orientation in Adolescents Who Commit Suicide
Shaffer, D., Fisher, P. W., Hicks, R. H., Parides, M. K., & Gould, M. S. (1995) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1995.tb00491.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Liberal Attitudes and Homophobic Acts:
Norris, W. P. (1992) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1300/j082v22n03_04 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Development of the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory
Westefeld, J. S., Cardin, D., & Deaton, W. L. (1992) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1992.tb01038.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationMuehrer, P. R. (1995) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1995.tb00492.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Learning from the Coming-Out Experiences of College Males.
Rhoads, R. A. (1995) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 77 · see citing works
San Diego Suicide Study: Comparison of Gay to Straight Males
Rich, C. L., Fowler, R. C., Young, D., & Blenkush, M. (1986) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1986.tb00730.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Attitudes of Heterosexual Students toward Their Gay Male and Lesbian Peers.
Engstrom, C. M., & Sedlacek, W. E. (1997) · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Simoni, J. M. (1996) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Two Measures of Loneliness: A Comparison
Solano, C. H. (1980) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1980.46.1.23 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Schneider, S. G., Taylor, S. E., Hammen, C. L., Kemeny, M. E., & al, E. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.5.776 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationClassroom Concerns of Gay and Lesbian Students: The Invisible Minority
Lopez, G. G., & Chims, N. (1993) · College Teaching · doi:10.1080/87567555.1993.9926788 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Intentional Injuries among Children and Adolescents in Massachusetts
Guyer, B., Lescohier, I., Gallagher, S. S., Hausman, A. J., & Azzara, C. V. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198912073212306 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Schneider, S. G., Taylor, S. E., Hammen, C. L., et al. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.5.776 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationDeBord, K. A., Wood, P. K., Sher, K. J., & Good, G. E. (1998) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Social environmental conceptions of male homosexual behavior: A university climate analysis.
Reynolds, A. J. (1989) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The College Student Reasons for Living Inventory: Additional Psychometric Data.
Westefeld, J. S. (1996) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationMoving beyond Tolerance: A New Paradigm for Programming about Homophobia/Biphobia and Heterosexism.
Schreier, B. A. (1995) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Psychometric Analysis of the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory.
Rogers, J. R., & Hanlon, P. J. (1996) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Development of the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory with African Americans
Westefeld, J. S., Badura-Brack, A. S., Kiel, J. T., & Scheel, K. R. (1996) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1300/j035v10n04_07 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationWestefeld, J. S., Scheel, K. R., & Maples, M. R. (1998) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.1998.12068955 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationAlienation of Students: Does Sexual Orientation Matter?.
Abbott, E., & Liddell, D. L. (1996) · College student affairs journal · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Factorial structure of the aftermath of suicide instrument
Spence, N. D., Goldney, R. D., & Moffitt, P. F. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198411)40:6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 36 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-70 · Cited by 2,300 · see citing works
Birkett, M. A., Espelage, D. L., & Koenig, B. W. (2009) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9389-1 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Woodford, M. R., Han, Y., Craig, S., Lim, C., & Matney, M. M. (2014) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2013.833882 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Kerr, D. L., Santurri, L., & Peters, P. (2013) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2013.787619 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Serras, A. M., Saules, K. K., Cranford, J. A., & Eisenberg, D. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0017210 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Perceived experiences of atheist discrimination: Instrument development and evaluation.
Brewster, M. E., Hammer, J. H., Sawyer, J. S., Eklund, A. C., & Palamar, J. J. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000156 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Stigma-Related Stress and Its Correlates Among Men with Pedophilic Sexual Interests
Jahnke, S., Schmidt, A. F., Geradt, M., & Hoyer, J. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0503-7 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Sense of Belonging to the General and Lesbian Communities as Predictors of Depression Among Lesbians
McLaren, S. (2009) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918360802551365 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Elmer, E. M., van Tilburg, T. G., & Fokkema, T. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02132-3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Substance Use of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Heterosexual College Students
Kerr, D. L., Ding, K., & Chaya, J. (2014) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.38.6.17 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Liao, K., Kashubeck-West, S., Weng, C.-Y., & Deitz, C. (2015) · Journal of counseling and psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000064 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Loneliness in sexual minority and heterosexual individuals: A comparative meta-analysis
Gorczynski, P. F., & Fasoli, F. (2021) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2021.1957742 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Pathways from Childhood Bullying Victimization to Young Adult Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms
Lee, J. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-00997-4 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The Experiences of Lesbian and Bisexual Women in College Residence Halls
Evans, N. J., & Broido, E. M. (2002) · Journal of Lesbian Studies · doi:10.1300/j155v06n03_04 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
College Student Suicide: A Call To Action
Westefeld, J. S., Button, C., Haley, J. T., Kettmann, J. D. J., MacConnell, J., Sandil, R., & Tallman, B. A. (2006) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180600887130 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationCampus Suicide Prevention: Bridging Paradigms and Forging Partnerships
Drum, D. J., & Denmark, A. B. (2012) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673229.2012.712841 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nonsuicidal self-injury in sexual minority college students: a test of theoretical integration
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Hilt, L. M., Ehlinger, P. P., & McMillan, T. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0050-y · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Using a college human sexuality course to combat homophobia
Rogers, A. T., McRee, N., & Arntz, D. L. (2009) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681810903059052 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Silva, C., Chu, C., Monahan, K. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2014) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000086 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Pitman, A., Marston, L., Lewis, G., Semlyen, J. K., McManus, S., & King, M. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721000052 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Smith, N. G., Hart, T. A., Kidwai, A., Vernon, J. R. G., Blais, M., & Adam, B. D. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.03.005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Rosenthal, S. R., Zhou, J., & Booth, S. T. (2021) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.256 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Pitman, A., King, M., Marston, L., & Osborn, D. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01921-w · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Loneliness Among LGB Adults and Heterosexual Adults in China
Hu, J., Ji-ze, H., Huang, G., & Zheng, X. (2015) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2015.1078651 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sexual Orientation, Sense of Belonging and Depression in Australian Men
McLaren, S., Jude, B., & McLachlan, A. J. (2007) · International Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.3149/jmh.0603.259 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Social Milieu and Mediators of Loneliness Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Rural Indiana
Li, M. J., Hubach, R. D., & Dodge, B. (2015) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2015.1033798 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Taub, D. J., & Thompson, J. (2013) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.20036 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Suicide Prevention for LGBT Students
Johnson, R. B., Oxendine, S. D., Taub, D. J., & Robertson, J. (2013) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.20040 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
LGBTQ+ Young Adults on the Street and on Campus: Identity as a Product of Social Context
Schmitz, R. M., & Tyler, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1314162 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
McLaren, S., Gibbs, P. M., & Watts, E. (2012) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2013.735933 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kirsch, A. C., Conley, C. S., & Riley, T. J. (2015) · Journal of college student development · doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0017 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Logie, C. H., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Poteat, T., & Wagner, A. C. (2017) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2017.05.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Transgender students in post-compulsory education: A systematic review
Hafford‐Letchfield, T., Pezzella, A., Cole, L., & Manning, R. (2017) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2017.08.004 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cao, B., & Smith, M. K. (2021) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2021.1984751 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Munyuki, C., & Vincent, L. (2017) · South African Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.20853/31-2-869 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
McLaren, S. (2006) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v43n03_07 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Stroup, J. E., Glass, J., & Cohn, T. J. (2014) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2014.872482 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Popa-Velea, O., Diaconescu, L. V., Ion, F. A., Ştefancu, D., & Truţescu, C. (2018) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407518815775 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
McLaren, S. (2014) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2014.983376 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pate, A. R., & Anestis, M. D. (2019) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2019.1598525 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Interparental conflict, parental intrusiveness, and interpersonal functioning in emerging adulthood
Kumar, S. A., & Mattanah, J. F. (2018) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12231 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Brinkworth, C. S. (2016) · doi:10.5642/cguetd/97 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Blankenau, A., Wax, A., Auerbach, L., Schuman, Z. D., & Hopmeyer, A. (2022) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2022.2030616 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tang, D. T. (2014) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681811.2014.920249 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sexual Prejudice Among Barbadian University Students
Gromer, J., Campbell, M., Gomory, T., & Maynard, D.-M. B. (2013) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/10538720.2013.834808 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Children's Reasons for Living, Self-esteem, and Violence
Merwin, R. M., & Ellis, J. B. (2004) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811110490436909 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Stańczykiewicz, B., & Senczyszyn, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1493745 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hamdan, S., Guz, T., & Zalsman, G. (2024) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2024.2345170 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Johnson, K. A., Johnson, W. M., Thomas, J. M., & Green, J. J. (2019) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spz055 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rinderknecht, R. G., Doan, L., & Sayer, L. C. (2021) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spab049 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
LGBTQ Research in Higher Education: A Review of Journal Articles, 2000–2003
Dilley, P. (2004) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education · doi:10.1300/j367v02n02_12 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nguyen, T., Samayoa, A. C., Gasman, M., & Mobley, S. D. (2018) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811812000201 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Moderators of the LGBTQ Campus Climate and College-Related Outcomes Links
Szymanski, D. M., Goates, J. D., & Dua, V. (2024) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/00110000231222957 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Anderson, R. E., Kuhn, S., Vitale, A. M., Ciampaglia, A. M., & Silver, K. E. (2022) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.6127 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Online Networks as a Venue for Social Support: A Qualitative Study of Married Bisexual Men in Taiwan
Hou, C.-N., & Lu, H. (2013) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2013.806170 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Factors affecting vulnerability to depression among gay men and lesbian women
Polders, L. A. (2009) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Exploring sexual minority adults’ pathway to suicidal ideation: A moderated serial mediation model
Foster, A. M., Rivas‐Koehl, M., Le, T. H., Crane, P. R., Weiser, D. A., & Talley, A. E. (2022) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2022.2036665 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Non-suicidal self-injury in a college sample: Intrapersonal and family factors
Tseng, Y. C., & Ditchman, N. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2209206 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Matthew‐Simmons, F., & Carragher, N. (2013) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Physical and Mental Health Challenges Found in the LGBTQI+ Population
Ginicola, M. M., Filmore, J. M., Smith, C., & Abdullah, J. (2017) · American Counseling Association eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119375517.ch7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Suicide Prevention with Diverse College Students
Shadick, R. N., & Akhter, S. (2014) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2014.883877 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Supporting Youth in the Coming-Out Process: Theory-Based Programming
Dunlap, A. (2014) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377317.2014.861173 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jenkins, D. D., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2013) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2013.777764 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Heterosexual Ally Identity Development: A Conceptual Model
Jordan, M. L. (2012) · Indiana Magazine of History (Indiana University) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Andreou, E., Plexousakis, S., Georgiadi, M., & Papadopoulos, O. (2022) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2022.2098003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Qualitative Approach to Exploring the Impact of the Gay Identity Formation Process
Cámara-Liebana, D., González‐Carrasco, M., García, G. R., Salleras-Duran, L., Fuentes‐Pumarola, C., & Ferrando, D. B. (2023) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608231185916 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kahraman, S., & ŞENER, Ö. (2023) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.29333/ejecs/1655 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Sexual Politics of hookup culture: A Black feminist intervention
Baker, N. J. (2023) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/13634607231209716 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cramer, E. P. (2002) · Journal of Lesbian Studies · doi:10.1300/j155v06n03_01 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning+ (LGBTQ+)
Pezzella, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18381-2_4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Associations of Lesbian and Gay Identity with Relationship Status and Satisfaction
Kranz, D., Franzen, P., & Niepel, C. (2023) · Identity · doi:10.1080/15283488.2023.2222283 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Koslow, S. H., Ruiz, P., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139519502.019 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tate, J., & Ross, L. E. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health · doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2003-0014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Student Wellbeing: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Mental Health of UT-Students
Kelders, S. M., Oberschmidt, K., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2019) · University of Twente Research Information · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Problematic Substance Use among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Young Adults during COVID-19
Haik, A. K., & Hussong, A. M. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080655 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Velez, B. L., Brewster, M. E., Abbott, D. M., Wilson, T., & Kim, V. (2026) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508619.2026.2627740 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reeves-Doyle, B., Gregory, K. A., & Sanyaolu, O. (2026) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2026.2654690 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mereish, E. H. (2014) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tarasi, P. J. (2016) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Multiculturally competent intake interview with LGBTQI + clients
Oh, S., Kim, N., Bennett, C. M., & Taylor, D. D. (2019) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2019.1568943 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lin, C., & Hwahng, S. (2024) · Global LGBTQ health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36204-0_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Massively Multiplayer Online Gamers: Motivations and Risks
Wolfe, A. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2393382 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Crawford, D. C. B. (2006) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schicker, M. (2011) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jagessar, V. (2015) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Healey, N. M. (2004) · Open ULeth Scholarship (OPUS) (University of Lethbridge) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Quantitative Study of the Source of Stress for First Generation Freshman Female College Students
Byrley, A. (2016) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anderson, R. E., Kuhn, S., Vitale, A. M., Ciampaglia, A. M., & Silver, K. E. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/a7dh4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McMillan, A., & Garlow, S. J. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139519502.023
Experiences of disclosing sexual orientation in healthcare consultations
Berkman-Smith, E. L. (2011) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Over the Rainbow: Exploring how Life Gets Better for Gay Males
Bishop, A. (2013) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.5072/prism/27241
Comparison of Suicidality Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Individuals
Pate, A. R. (2017) · Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi)
Hicks, C. J. (2017) · Scholarship & Creative Works - Digital UNC a service of University Libraries (University of Northern Colorado)
Santillán, T. C. S. (2016) · ACTA PSICOLÓGICA PERUANA
Sintomatología depresiva en personas LGBT+ y cis-heterosexuales: un análisis comparativo
Valdez, J. A., & Guzmán, L. G. D. (2025) · Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings · doi:10.24310/escpsi.18.1.2025.20659
Breaking Barriers in LGBT+ Health: Innovations and Insights
(2025) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-7220-7
Canaletti, E. F., Krämer, M. D., Stern, J., Pepping, C. A., Park, Y., & MacDonald, G. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9635048/v1
Pal, S., Pathak, P. K., & Tripathi, N. (2026) · The Journal of LGBTQ+ Mental Health · doi:10.1080/30678935.2026.2686246
- Authors
- Westefeld, J. S., Maples, M. R., Buford, B., & Taylor, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- ORCID
- Westefeld, John S.
- Venue
- Journal of College Student Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-03-23
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 71-82
- ISSN
- 1540-4730 (ISSN-L)
- 8756-8225
- OpenAlex
- W2096894460
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of College Student Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Sexuality, and Education
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- loneliness, depression, suicide risk, sexual minority students, college student mental health, student development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review