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Functional anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament. Fibre bundle actions related to ligament replacements and injuries
Abstract
This work studied the fibre bundle anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament. Three functional bundles--anteromedial, intermediate, and posterolateral--were identified in cadaver knees. Their contributions to resisting anterior subluxation in flexion and extension were found by repeated tests after sequential bundle transection. Changes of length in flexion and extension and in tibial rotation were measured. None of the fibres were isometric. The posterolateral bundle was stretched in extension and the anteromedial in flexion, which correlated with increased contributions to knee stability and the likelihood of partial ruptures in these positions. Tibial rotation had no significant effect. The fibre length changes suggested that the 'isometric point' aimed at by some ligament replacements lay anterior and superior to the femoral origin of the intermediate fibre bundle and towards the roof of the intercondylar notch.
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“For the rating scales, the most likely diagnosis and possible diagnoses were evaluated using a five-point scale described by Bond et al. 45, which is shown in Table 5.”
From Enhancing diagnostic capability with multi-agents conversational large language models (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Amis, A., & Dawkins, G.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Amis, AA
- Venue
- The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume
- Published
- 1991-03
- Volume
- 73-B
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 260-267
- ISSN
- 0301-620X (ISSN-L)
- 2044-5377
- OpenAlex
- W1953146122
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Keywords
- anterior cruciate ligament, anteromedial bundle, posterolateral bundle, knee stability, partial rupture, ligament replacement, tibial rotation, cadaveric knee
- MeSH terms
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Knee Joint, Movement, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, In Vitro Techniques
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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