Quality of Life in and After Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Longitudinal Multicenter Study
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PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in quality of life (QOL) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their close persons during the first 2 years post injury. METHOD: Longitudinal multiple sample multiple wave panel design. Data included 292 patients recruited from Austrian British German Irish and Swiss specialist SCI rehabilitation centers and 55 of their close persons. Questionnaire booklets were administered at 6 weeks 12 weeks 1 year and 2 years after injury to both samples. RESULTS: Study 1 investigated the WHOQOL-BREF domains in individuals with SCI and found differences mostly in the physical domain indicating that QOL increases for persons with SCI from onset. An effect of the culture was observed in the psychological and environmental domains with higher QOL scores in the German-speaking sample. Study 2 compared individuals with SCI to their close persons and found differences in the physical environmental and social domains over time. The scores on the psychological dimension did not significantly differ between the persons with SCI and their close persons over time. CONCLUSION: QOL measured by the WHOQOL-BREF shows that QOL changes during rehabilitation and after discharge. Apart from the physical dimension the persons with SCI and their close persons seem to experience a similar change in QOL. Further longitudinal research is suggested to clarify the mutual adjustment process of people with SCI and their close persons and to explore cultural differences in QOL between English-and German-speaking countries.
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People with spinal cord injury are at increased risk of depression and anxiety (experienced in around 22.2% of the population) and reduced quality of life.
“People with SCI may experience many potential secondary physical and psychological consequences, including an increased risk of depression and anxiety (experienced in around 22.2% of the population [2]) and reduced quality of life (QoL [3]).”
From Mindfulness for pain, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [3]
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van Ditshuizen, J. C., Berg, L. V. D., Verhofstad, M. H. J., Leliefeld, P. H. C., de Jongh, M. A. C., & Hartog, D. D. (2026) · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00068-026-03286-2
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- Authors
- Lude, P., Kennedy, P., Elfström, M., & Ballert, C.
- Affiliations
- Stoke Mandeville Hospital (GB)
- Mälardalen University (SE)
- Swiss Paraplegic Research (CH)
- Venue
- Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- American Spinal Injury Association
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 197-207
- ISSN
- 1082-0744 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4257147
- OpenAlex
- W1988314685
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- spinal cord injury, quality of life, spinal cord injury rehabilitation, family caregivers, WHOQOL-BREF, physical health, psychological well-being, social adaptation, cultural differences, longitudinal change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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