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Cited by 208Schizophrenia research and treatmentTreatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Atypical Antipsychotics Part I: Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy

Markowitz, John S, Brown, Candace S, Moore, Thea R·1999·Annals of Pharmacotherapy
DOI 10.1345/aph.17215
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the newer atypical antipsychotics with those of conventional agents and existing atypical agents. DATA SOURCES: Information was retrieved from a MEDLINE English-literature search from July 1986 to June 1998 and by review of references. Indexing terms included neuroleptics, atypical antipsychotics, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, sertindole, quetiapine, and ziprasidone. STUDY SELECTION: Comparative studies were selected when possible; placebo-controlled studies were included when data were limited on newer atypical antipsychotics. DATA EXTRACTION: Emphasis was placed on properly designed clinical trials that assessed dosage, expanded efficacy, enhanced adverse effect profile, and cost. DATA SYNTHESIS: Like other atypical antipsychotics, the newer agents have an enhanced 5-hydroxytryptophan/dopaminergic receptors (5-HT 2 /D 2 ) affinity ratio and undergo extensive biotransformation. Risperidone and olanzapine demonstrate more favorable efficacy/adverse effect ratios than clozapine, sertindole, and conventional antipsychotics in nonrefractory and refractory schizophrenics. Future studies will more clearly define the role of quetiapine and ziprasidone in antipsychotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Data from controlled trials on efficacy and extrapyramidal side effects support risperidone or olanzapine as first-line agents for the treatment of schizophrenia. Pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic factors do not distinguish between agents sufficiently for drug selection.

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Crossref · 10.1345/aph.17215

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76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Prolonged exposure to ketamine may predispose to neurotoxicity.

    “In addition, a prolonged exposure to ketamine may predispose to neurotoxicity [142].”

    From Acute and Persistent Withdrawal Syndromes Following Discontinuation of Psychotropic Medications (2020) · cites this paper as [142]

  • The use of ketamine in psychiatry is at risk of replicating the 2016 opioid US epidemic abuse with the risk to induce neurotoxicity, which might be associated with persistent post-withdrawal disorders.

    “In view of the inevitable decay of the response to ketamine due to pharmacological tolerance [148] and its possible benefit as maintenance therapy in treatment-resistant depression [142], and considering that some clinicians use ketamine formulations for chronic use despite the alarm regarding 'the rapid proliferation of off-label ketamine administration in the absence of evidence of”

    From Acute and Persistent Withdrawal Syndromes Following Discontinuation of Psychotropic Medications (2020) · cites this paper as [142]

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Authors
Markowitz, J. S., Brown, C. S., & Moore, T. R.
Affiliations
  • Medical University of South Carolina (US)
  • University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
  • Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1999-01
Volume
33
Issue
1
Pages
73-85
ISSN
  • 0012-6578 (ISSN-L)
  • 1060-0280
  • 1542-6270
DOI
10.1345/aph.17215
OpenAlex
W2153226419
Cited by
208
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Annals of Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
atypical antipsychotics, schizophrenia, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, sertindole, quetiapine, ziprasidone, typical antipsychotics, extrapyramidal symptoms, drug selection
MeSH terms
Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Receptors, Serotonin, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, MEDLINE, Receptors, Dopamine D2

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