Cited by 794Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryHallucinations in medical conditions

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Cognitive approaches to delusions: a critical review of theories and evidence.

Garety, Philippa A., Freeman, Daniel·1999·British Journal of Clinical Psychology

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Abstract

PURPOSE: To review critically the evidence for three contemporary theories of delusions. METHODS: The theoretical approaches to delusions proposed by Frith and colleagues ('theory of mind' deficits), Garety and colleagues (multi-factorial, but involving probabilistic reasoning biases) and Bentall and colleagues (attributional style and self-discrepancies) are summarised. The findings of empirical papers directly relevant to these proposals are critically reviewed. These papers were identified by computerised literature searches (for the years 1987-1997) and a hand search. RESULTS: The evidence does not unequivocally support any of the approaches as proposed. However, strong evidence is found to support modifications of Garety and colleagues' and Bentall and colleagues' theories. Studies have replicated a 'jumping to conclusions' data-gathering bias and an externalising attributional bias in people with delusions. There is preliminary evidence for a 'theory of mind' deficit, as proposed by Frith, although possibly related to a more general reasoning bias. Evidence for an underlying discrepancy between ideal and actual self-representations is weaker. CONCLUSIONS: A multi-factorial model of delusion formation and maintenance incorporating a data-gathering bias and attributional style, together with other factors (e.g. perceptual processing, meta-representation) is consistent with the current evidence. It is recommended that these findings be incorporated into cognitive therapy approaches. However, there are limitations to existing research. Future studies should incorporate longitudinal designs and first episode studies, and should not neglect the co-morbidity of delusions, including affective processes, or the multi-dimensional nature of delusions.

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Authors: Garety, P. A., & Freeman, D.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Garety, Philippa A.
ORCID: Garety, Philippa A.
Freeman, Daniel
Venue: British Journal of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1999-06
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Pages: 113-154
ISSN: 0144-6657 (ISSN-L)
2044-8260
DOI: 10.1348/014466599162700
OpenAlex: W2169951193
Cited by: 794
References: 93
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 10.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4224 d)
Locations: British Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Keywords: delusions, theory of mind deficits, jumping to conclusions bias, attributional style, self-discrepancy, cognitive therapy, schizophrenia
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Cognition Disorders, Cognitive Dissonance, Delusions, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Paranoid Disorders, Personality, Self Concept, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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Cognitive approaches to delusions: a critical review of theories and evidence.

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