The Age of the Bellows Dune Site O18, O'ahu, Hawai'i, and the Antiquity of Hawai'ian Colonization
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The Bellows Dune site was excavated more than three decades ago (Pearson et al. 1971), and has been generally considered one of the earliest settlement sites in the Hawaiian cultural sequence. More than ten years later, in the now-classic summary of Hawaiian archaeology, Kirch (1985) considered it to be one of only two sites firmly identified as belonging to the Colonization phase in Hawai'i. This status has remained largely intact. Working independently, the authors of the present article found problems with the interpretations of the dating of this site. Combining our efforts and reviewing the general debate over the timing of human colonization of the Hawaiian archipelago, we suggest that the oft-quoted early dates for the Bellows site are in error, and that a site-based argument for pre-A.D. 800 settlement of Hawai'i is approaching a case list of zero. The most supportable conclusion is that of the two main layers at O18, the lower one (L. III) pre-dates A.D. 1000, and the upper one (L.II) post-dates A.D. 1000. The Bellows Dune site dating is deconstructed, dates from Bellows that have not been published are presented, the Bellows dates are placed in the context of new information from other sources on the date of Hawaiian colonization, and a new hypothesis for the age of the Bellows Dune site is proposed.
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The Hawaiian archipelago now indicates a much shorter chronology (EAEM-LAEM range A.D. ∼1219-1266), some 200-500 y later than widely accepted.
“More striking are the results from the Marquesas and Hawaiian archipelagos which now indicate a much shorter chronology (EAEM–LAEM range: A.D. 1200–1277. and A.D. ∼1219–1266, respectively), some 200–500 y later than widely accepted (16, 17), placing them in close agreement with both New Zealand and Rapa Nui.”
From High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia (2011) · cites this paper as [17]
The Abstract and Conclusions and Implications support a shorter Hawaiian chronology than the previously accepted one: the paper questions an A.D. 300–600 colonization period and discusses a possible A.D. 800–900 date. They do not support the attributed A.D. ∼1219–1266 range; the conclusions instead describe the Bellows site as poorly dated. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Marquesas archipelago now indicates a much shorter chronology (EAEM-LAEM range A.D. 1200-1277), some 200-500 y later than widely accepted.
“More striking are the results from the Marquesas and Hawaiian archipelagos which now indicate a much shorter chronology (EAEM–LAEM range: A.D. 1200–1277. and A.D. ∼1219–1266, respectively), some 200–500 y later than widely accepted (16, 17), placing them in close agreement with both New Zealand and Rapa Nui.”
From High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia (2011) · cites this paper as [17]
The Abstract and Conclusions and Implications discuss later settlement chronologies for Hawai‘i and eastern Polynesia generally, but give no Marquesas chronology. A search for “Marquesas” and the A.D. 1200–1277 range found no passage supporting the claimed date or 200–500-year shift. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Tuggle, H. D., & Spriggs, M.
- Affiliations
- International Archaeological Research Institute (US)
- Australian National University (AU)
- ORCID
- Spriggs, Matthew
- Venue
- Asian Perspectives
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 165-188
- ISSN
- 0066-8435 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-8283
- OpenAlex
- W2088560501
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 13.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Asian perspectives (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Hawai'i
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies in Central America
- Keywords
- chronology, site dating, Oahu, Hawaiian archaeology
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