Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) among American Indians in South Dakota and Associations with Mental Health Conditions, Alcohol Use, and Smoking
Abstract
Objectives To assess the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their association with behavioral health in American Indian (AI) and non-AI populations in South Dakota. Methods We included the validated ACE questionnaire in a statewide health survey of 16,001 households. We examined the prevalence of ACEs and behavioral health conditions in AI and non-AI populations and associations between ACEs and behavioral health. Results Compared with non-AIs, AIs displayed higher prevalence of ACEs including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and had a higher total number of ACEs. For AIs and non-AIs, having six or more ACEs significantly increased the odds for depression, anxiety, PTSD, severe alcohol misuse, and smoking compared with individuals with no ACEs. Conclusions American Indians in South Dakota experience more ACEs, which may contribute to poor behavioral health. Preventing and mitigating the effects of ACEs may have a significant impact on health disparities in AI populations.
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Psychosis, personality, and other mood disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder) are intricately linked with substance use and dependence among AIANs.
“Psychosis, personality, and other mood disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder) are intricately linked with substance use and dependence as well [49,50,51].”
From Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
AIANs who had six or more ACEs were significantly more likely to experience mood and anxiety disorders along with alcohol and nicotine use.
“Per the Warne and colleagues’ study, AIANs who had six or more ACEs (e.g., neglect,) were significantly more likely to experience mood and anxiety disorders along with alcohol and nicotine use [51].”
From Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Strong associations have been observed between experiencing abuse in the family structure and substance use severity.
“Strong associations have been observed between experiencing abuse in the family structure and substance use severity [51,58].”
From Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Dose-response relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple risk factors have been documented among AIANs and non-AIANs.
“Dose-response relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multiple risk factors have been documented among AIANs and non-AIANs [51,70].”
From Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
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Self-citationSubstance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations
Soto, C., West, A. E., Ramos, G. G., & Unger, J. B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052974 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Strong associations have been observed between experiencing abuse in the family structure and substance use severity [51,58].”
BackgroundSuglia, S. F., Appleton, A. A., Bleil, M. E., Campo, R. A., Dube, S. R., Fagundes, C. P., Heard-Garris, N. J., Johnson, S. B., Slopen, N., Stoney, C. M., et al. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106736 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Warne, D., Dulacki, K., Spurlock, M., Meath, T., Davis, M. M., Wright, B., & McConnell, K. J.
- Affiliations
- North Dakota State University (US)
- Providence Health & Services (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1559-1577
- ISSN
- 1049-2089 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-6869
- OpenAlex
- W2770192535
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 7.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- adverse childhood experiences, Native Americans, South Dakota, behavioral health, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, smoking, child abuse, household dysfunction, health disparities, ACE questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Mental Disorders, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Indians, North American, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Smoking, South Dakota, Prevalence, Health Status Disparities, Young Adult
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