Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 130Historical Gender and Feminism StudiesSocial Movements and Cultural IdentityGender Politics and Representation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

"Out of the Parlors and into the Streets": The Changing Tactical Repertoire of the U.S. Women' Suffrage Movements

McCammon, H. J.·2003·Social Forces
DOI 10.1353/sof.2003.0037
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Little empirical research exists on major changes in the strategies and tactics of social movements, but some researchers argue that organizational readiness and political opportunities produce such changes. This article examines the circumstances that led some state woman suffrage movements to use a bold new tactic, the suffrage parade, beginning in the early twentieth century. An event-history analysis reveals that organizational readiness and political opportunities had little to do with change in the suffragists' strategic approach. Rather, the change occurred when movements consisted of a diverse assortment of organizations, when movement organizations were less centrally structured, when conflict existed among movement members, when movements engaged in fundraising, and when the suffragists had recently experienced significant political defeat. The model of tactical change presented here better explains the impetuses for such a shift than do earlier explanations.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1353/sof.2003.0037

Cites

75 of 75 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Cited by

See all 130

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
McCammon, H. J.
Affiliations
Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author
McCammon, H. J.
ORCID
McCammon, H. J.
Venue
Social Forces
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2003-03-01
Volume
81
Issue
3
Pages
787-818
ISSN
  • 0037-7732 (ISSN-L)
  • 1534-7605
DOI
10.1353/sof.2003.0037
OpenAlex
W2006631459
Semantic Scholar
4895a619717edfa070b2c2d2c2ed891c6b3280ba
Cited by
130
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
FWCI
18.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Social Forces (publishedVersion)
  • Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Historical Gender and Feminism Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Movements and Cultural Identity
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Politics and Representation
Keywords
women's suffrage movement, social movement strategy, organizational readiness, political opportunity structure, movement diversity, internal conflict, fundraising, political defeat, event history analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.