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Theory for Off-Specular Reflection From Roughened Surfaces*
Abstract
The directional distribution of radiant flux reflected from roughened surfaces is analyzed on the basis of geometrical optics. The analytical model assumes that the surface consists of small, randomly disposed, mirror-like facets. Specular reflection from these facets plus a diffuse component due to multiple reflections and/or internal scattering are postulated as the basic mechanisms of the reflection process. The effects of shadowing and masking of facets by adjacent facets are included in the analysis. The angular distributions of reflected flux predicted by the analysis are in very good agreement with experiment for both metallic and nonmetallic surfaces. Moreover, the analysis successfully predicts the off-specular maxima in the reflection distribution which are observed experimentally and which emerge as the incidence angle increases. The model thus affords a rational explanation for the off-specular peak phenomenon in terms of mutual masking and shadowing of mirror-like, specularly reflecting surface facets.
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Cited by
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Fleming, R. W. (2014) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2013.11.004 · Cited by 331
Detection of surface defects on raw steel blocks using Bayesian network classifiers
Pernkopf, F. (2004) · Pattern Analysis and Applications · doi:10.1007/s10044-004-0232-3 · Cited by 113
The Absorption of Laser Light by Rough Metal Surfaces
(2008) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) · Cited by 89
Automated surface inspection for steel products using computer vision approach
Xi, J., Shentu, L., Hu, J., & Li, M. (2017) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.56.000184 · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- Torrance, K. E., & Sparrow, E. M.
- Venue
- Journal of the Optical Society of America
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 1967-09-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1105
- ISSN
- 0030-3941 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W75556296
- Cited by
- 1,855
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Theory for Off-Specular Reflection From Roughened Surfaces*. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1364/josa.57.001105
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- Torrance, K. E., & Sparrow, E. M. (1967). Theory for Off-Specular Reflection From Roughened Surfaces*. Journal of the Optical Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.57.001105
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
