Spatiotemporal transformations of ultrashort terahertz pulses
Abstract
We have experimentally studied the propagation in free space and through focusing optics of subpicosecond half- and single-cycle terahertz pulses emitted by large-aperture emitters. The spatial transformations of the beams are connected to phase changes and effective frequency filtering and lead to spectacular changes in the pulse time profile. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of a simple analytical model based on a Gaussian-beam approximation.
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Spatially limited ultrashort THz pulses change their phase dramatically if they are strongly focused, a phase shift called the Gouy shift.
“However, it has been shown [8,9] that spatially limited ultrashort THz pulses change their phase dramatically if they are strongly focused; this phase shift is called the Gouy shift.”
From Gouy shift correction for highly accurate refractive index retrieval in time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (2010) · cites this paper as [9]
The long-wavelength part of the broadband THz pulses may be partially cut by the mirror clear aperture A due to beam diffraction.
“In [9] we show that the long-wavelength part of the broadband THz pulses may be partially cut by the mirror clear aperture A due to the beam diffraction.”
From Gouy shift correction for highly accurate refractive index retrieval in time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (2010) · cites this paper as [9]
The partial cutting of long-wavelength THz pulses occurs for frequencies below a cut-off frequency νm, which depends on the geometrical arrangement.
“This phenomenon occurs namely for frequencies below the cut-off frequency ν m , which depends on the geometrical arrangement [9]:”
From Gouy shift correction for highly accurate refractive index retrieval in time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (2010) · cites this paper as [9]
Cites
Free-space electro-optic sampling of terahertz beams
Wu, Q., & Zhang, X.-C. (1995) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.114909 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Subpicosecond photoconducting dipole antennas
Smith, P. R., Auston, D. H., & Nuss, M. C. (1988) · IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/3.121 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
Characterization of an optoelectronic terahertz beam system
van Exter, M., & Grischkowsky, D. R. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/22.60016 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
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Terahertz spin current pulses controlled by magnetic heterostructures
Kampfrath, T., Battiato, M., Maldonado, P., Eilers, G., Nötzold, J., Mährlein, S., Zbarsky, V., Freimuth, F., Mokrousov, Y., Blügel, S., et al. (2013) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2013.43 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Kužel, P., Němec, H., Kadlec, F., & Kadlec, C. (2010) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.18.015338 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationMethodology of an optical pump-terahertz probe experiment: An analytical frequency-domain approach
Němec, H., Kadlec, F., & Kužel, P. (2002) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1512648 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationHuisman, T. J., Mikhaylovskiy, R. V., Tsukamoto, A., Rasing, T., & Kimel, A. V. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.92.104419 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Němec, H., Kadlec, F., Surendran, S., Kužel, P., & Jungwirth, P. (2005) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1857851 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of the Gouy phase in optical-pump-THz-probe spectroscopy
Ahmed, S., Savolainen, J., & Hamm, P. (2014) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.22.004256 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lloyd-Hughes, J., Chopra, N., Deveikis, J., Pandya, R., & Woolley, J. (2025) · Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves · doi:10.1007/s10762-025-01052-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…even occur during propagation in free space: broadband electromagnetic pulses change spectral phase as a result of the geometric aberrations of the optical system, which alter the path length [6]; the Gouy effect causes the carrier-envelope phase to evolve as a beam propagates through a focus [7].”
Schins, J. M. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.83.205111 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kužel, P., Khazan, M. A., & Kroupa, J.
- Affiliations
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- ORCID
- Kužel, Petr
- Venue
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 1999-10-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1795
- ISSN
- 0740-3224 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-8540
- OpenAlex
- W1980416729
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Keywords
- terahertz pulses, ultrashort pulses, sub-picosecond pulses, half-cycle pulses, single-cycle pulses, free-space propagation, focusing optics, phase transitions, Gaussian beam approximation
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