Cited by 568Laser-Matter Interactions and ApplicationsAdvanced X-ray Imaging TechniquesParticle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers

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Streaking of 43-attosecond soft-X-ray pulses generated by a passively CEP-stable mid-infrared driver

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Gaumnitz, Thomas, Jain, Arohi, Pertot, Yoann, Huppert, Martin, Jordan, Inga, Ardana-Lamas, Fernando, Wörner, Hans Jakob·2017·Optics Express

DOI 10.1364/oe.25.027506

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Abstract

Attosecond metrology has so far largely remained limited to titanium:sapphire lasers combined with an active stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP). These sources limit the achievable photon energy to ∼100 eV which is too low to access X-ray absorption edges of most second- and third-row elements which are central to chemistry, biology and material science. Therefore, intense efforts are underway to extend attosecond metrology to the soft-X-ray (SXR) domain using mid-infrared (mid-IR) drivers. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method that solves the long-standing problem of the complete temporal characterization of ultra-broadband (≫10 eV) attosecond pulses. We generalize the recently proposed Volkov-transform generalized projection algorithm (VTGPA) to the case of multiple overlapping photoelectron spectra and demonstrate its application to isolated attosecond pulses. This new approach overcomes all key limitations of previous attosecond-pulse reconstruction methods, in particular the central-momentum approximation (CMA), and it incorporates the physical, complex-valued and energy-dependent photoionization matrix elements. These properties make our approach general and particularly suitable for attosecond supercontinua of arbitrary bandwidth. We apply this method to attosecond SXR pulses generated from a two-cycle mid-IR driver, covering a bandwidth of ∼100 eV and reaching photon energies up to 180 eV. We extract an SXR pulse duration of (43±1) as from our streaking measurements, defining a new world record. Our results prove that the popular and broadly available scheme of post-compressing the output of white-light-seeded optical parametric amplifiers is adequate to produce high-contrast isolated attosecond pulses covering the L-edges of silicon, phosphorous and sulfur. Our new reconstruction method and experimental results open the path to the production and characterization of attosecond pulses lasting less than one atomic unit of time (24 as) and covering X-ray absorption edges of most light elements.

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Authors: Gaumnitz, T., Jain, A., Pertot, Y., Huppert, M., Jordan, I., Ardana-Lamas, F., & Wörner, H. J.
Affiliations: ETH Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author: Wörner, Hans Jakob
ORCID: Gaumnitz, Thomas
Jain, Arohi
Huppert, Martin
Jordan, Inga
Wörner, Hans Jakob
Venue: Optics Express
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Published: 2017-10-24
Volume: 25
Issue: 22
Pages: 27506
ISSN: 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.027506
OpenAlex: W2765166335
Cited by: 568
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 25.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: doi.org/10.1364/OA_License_v1#VOR-OA (vor)
opg.optica.org/policies/opg-tdm-policy.json (tdm)
Locations: Optics Express (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
ETH Zürich Research Collection
Funders: H2020 European Research Council (ERC) (contract 307270-ATTOSCOPE)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNF) (200021_159875)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
Keywords: streaking, pulse duration measurement, carrier-envelope phase stabilization, isolated attosecond pulses, optical parametric amplifier, X-ray absorption edges

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Streaking of 43-attosecond soft-X-ray pulses generated by a passively CEP-stable mid-infrared driver

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