Cited by 2,884Laser-Matter Interactions and ApplicationsAdvanced X-ray Imaging TechniquesAtomic and Molecular Physics

Attosecond metrology

Hentschel, M., Kienberger, R., Spielmann, Ch., Reider, G. A., Milosevic, N., Brabec, T., Corkum, P., Heinzmann, U. +2 more·2001·Nature

Abstract

The generation of ultrashort pulses is a key to exploring the dynamic behaviour of matter on ever-shorter timescales. Recent developments have pushed the duration of laser pulses close to its natural limit-the wave cycle, which lasts somewhat longer than one femtosecond (1 fs = 10-15 s) in the visible spectral range. Time-resolved measurements with these pulses are able to trace dynamics of molecular structure, but fail to capture electronic processes occurring on an attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) timescale. Here we trace electronic dynamics with a time resolution of </= 150 as by using a subfemtosecond soft-X-ray pulse and a few-cycle visible light pulse. Our measurement indicates an attosecond response of the atomic system, a soft-X-ray pulse duration of 650 +/- 150 as and an attosecond synchronism of the soft-X-ray pulse with the light field. The demonstrated experimental tools and techniques open the door to attosecond spectroscopy of bound electrons.

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Crossref · 10.1038/35107000

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  • The first demonstration of attosecond pulses in 2001 motivated experimental efforts by numerous research groups worldwide.

    “The first demonstration of attosecond pulses in 2001 [166, 167] motivated experimental efforts by numerous research groups around the world.”

    From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [166]

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Authors
Hentschel, M., Kienberger, R., Spielmann, C., Reider, G. A., Milosevic, N., Brabec, T., Corkum, P., Heinzmann, U., Drescher, M., & Krausz, F.
Affiliations
  • TU Wien (AT)
  • Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (CA)
  • Bielefeld University (DE)
Corresponding author
Krausz, F.
Venue
Nature
Published
2001-11
Volume
414
Issue
6863
Pages
509-513
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W4245770866
Cited by
2,884
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 109 · 2025: 146 · 2024: 169 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 114 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 115 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 122
FWCI
58.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • NPARC (submittedVersion)
  • The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
  • PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
  • Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Austrian Science Fund
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Molecular Physics
Keywords
attosecond metrology, attosecond pulses, soft X-ray pulses, attosecond spectroscopy, electronic dynamics, bound electrons, sub-femtosecond pulses

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