Attosecond metrology
Abstract
The generation of ultrashort pulses is a key to exploring the dynamic behaviour of matter on ever-shorter timescales. Recent developments have pushed the duration of laser pulses close to its natural limit-the wave cycle, which lasts somewhat longer than one femtosecond (1 fs = 10-15 s) in the visible spectral range. Time-resolved measurements with these pulses are able to trace dynamics of molecular structure, but fail to capture electronic processes occurring on an attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) timescale. Here we trace electronic dynamics with a time resolution of </= 150 as by using a subfemtosecond soft-X-ray pulse and a few-cycle visible light pulse. Our measurement indicates an attosecond response of the atomic system, a soft-X-ray pulse duration of 650 +/- 150 as and an attosecond synchronism of the soft-X-ray pulse with the light field. The demonstrated experimental tools and techniques open the door to attosecond spectroscopy of bound electrons.
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The first demonstration of attosecond pulses in 2001 motivated experimental efforts by numerous research groups worldwide.
“The first demonstration of attosecond pulses in 2001 [166, 167] motivated experimental efforts by numerous research groups around the world.”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [166]
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- Authors
- Hentschel, M., Kienberger, R., Spielmann, C., Reider, G. A., Milosevic, N., Brabec, T., Corkum, P., Heinzmann, U., Drescher, M., & Krausz, F.
- Affiliations
- TU Wien (AT)
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences (CA)
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Krausz, F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 414
- Issue
- 6863
- Pages
- 509-513
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W4245770866
- Cited by
- 2,884
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 109 · 2025: 146 · 2024: 169 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 114 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 115 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 122
- FWCI
- 58.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- NPARC (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
- Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Austrian Science Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Keywords
- attosecond metrology, attosecond pulses, soft X-ray pulses, attosecond spectroscopy, electronic dynamics, bound electrons, sub-femtosecond pulses
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