Ultrabroadband etalon-free detection of infrared transients by van-der-Waals contacted sub-10-µm GaSe detectors
Open accessAbstract
We demonstrate ultrabroadband electro-optic detection of multi-THz transients using mechanically exfoliated flakes of gallium selenide of a thickness of less than 10 µm, contacted to a diamond substrate by van-der-Waals bonding. While the low crystal thickness allows for extremely broadband phase matching, the excellent optical contact with the index-matched substrate suppresses multiple optical reflections. The high quality of our structure makes our scheme suitable for the undistorted and artifact-free observation of electromagnetic waveforms covering the entire THz spectral range up to the near-infrared regime without the need for correction for the electro-optic response function. With the current revolution of chemically inert quasi-two-dimensional layered materials, we anticipate that exfoliated van-der-Waals materials on index-matched substrates will open new flexible ways of ultrabroadband electro-optic detection at unprecedented frequencies.
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Knorr et al. reported the electric field of 20 THz mid-infrared pulses detected using thin GaSe flakes, and showed a relatively flat spectral phase from 15 to 30THz, but with a rapidly-increasing spectral phase at lower frequencies.
“Knorr et al. reported the electric field of 20 THz mid-infrared pulses detected using thin GaSe flakes [27], and showed a relatively flat spectral phase from 15 to 30THz, but with a rapidly-increasing spectral phase at lower frequencies.”
From A Tutorial on THz Pulse Analysis: Accurate Retrieval of Pulse Arrival Times, Spectral Energy Density and Absolute Spectral Phase (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
In Optics EXPRESS (pp. 5–6), Knorr et al. report detecting a multi-THz electric-field transient with a 5-µm GaSe flake; its spectrum has a 19 THz center frequency and a 20 THz full width at half maximum. The cited text does not report the claimed pulse spectral phase—relatively flat from 15 to 30 THz and rapidly increasing below that. Its discussion of phase instead describes the detector’s response as nearly linear from 10 to 150 THz (pp. 3, 7). (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Lloyd-Hughes, J., Chopra, N., Deveikis, J., Pandya, R., & Woolley, J. (2025) · Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves · doi:10.1007/s10762-025-01052-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…the spectral energy density (assuming our ‘Physics’ definition of the scaling in the Fourier transform) is The SI units for u ( f ) are J m − 2 s, or J m − 2 Hz − 1 , and hence plotting the spectral energy density in units of J m − 2 THz − 1 allows an easy estimate of the energy fluence, U .”
- Authors
- Knorr, M., Steinleitner, P., Raab, J., Gronwald, I., Merkl, P., Lange, C., & Huber, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Regensburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Huber, Rupert
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2018-07-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 19059
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2838417669
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (acceptedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)
- Funders
- H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) (737017)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › 2D Materials and Applications
- Keywords
- electro-optic detection, infrared transients, gallium selenide, van der Waals contacts, diamond substrates, terahertz radiation, phase matching, exfoliated flakes, quasi-two-dimensional materials, near-infrared
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