Simultaneous measurement of orthogonal terahertz fields via an emission multiplexing scheme
Open accessAbstract
We propose a polarization sensitive terahertz time-domain spectrometer that can record orthogonally polarized terahertz fields simultaneously, using fibre-coupled photoconductive antennas and a scheme that modulated the emitter’s polarization. The s and p channels of the multi-pixel terahertz emitter were modulated at different frequencies, thereby allowing orthogonal waveforms to be demultiplexed from the recorded signal in post-processing. The performance of the multi-pixel emitter used in this multiplexing scheme was comparable to that of a commercial single-polarization H-dipole antenna. The approach allowed two orthogonally polarized terahertz pulses to be recorded with good signal to noise (>1000:1) within half a second. We verified the capability of the spectrometer by characterizing a birefringent crystal and by imaging a polarization-sensitive metamaterial. This work has significant potential to improve the speed of terahertz polarization sensitive applications, such as ellipsometry and imaging.
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The electromagnetic pulses from common laser-based THz sources (photoconductive switches, optical rectification, spintronic emitters) are often close to single-cycle in shape.
“The electromagnetic pulses from common laser-based THz sources, such as photoconductive switches [14, 15], optical rectification [16, 17], and spintronic emitters [18] are often close to single-cycle in shape.”
From A Tutorial on THz Pulse Analysis: Accurate Retrieval of Pulse Arrival Times, Spectral Energy Density and Absolute Spectral Phase (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
Cites
Terahertz spectroscopy of anisotropic materials using beams with rotatable polarization
Mosley, C. D. W., Failla, M., Prabhakaran, D., & Lloyd-Hughes, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12568-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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Real-time and calibration-free generalized terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry
Chen, H., Wang, K., Chen, X., & Fang, G. (2024) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0188364 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationChopra, N., & Lloyd-Hughes, J. (2025) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01934 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLloyd-Hughes, J., Chopra, N., Deveikis, J., Pandya, R., & Woolley, J. (2025) · Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves · doi:10.1007/s10762-025-01052-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The key requirement is knowledge of the pulse’s arrival time, T 0 , which we provide methods for determining in the next Section, along with a Fourier treatment of the properties of THz pulses.”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ou, H., Stantchev, R. I., Chen, X., Blu, T., Semtsiv, M., Masselink, W. T., Serrano, A. H., Costa, G., Young, J., Chopra, N., Lloyd-Hughes, J., & MacPherson, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Warwick (GB)
- National Sun Yat-sen University (TW)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2024-02-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 5567
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4388638199
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Optics Express (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2222-E-110-002)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No. MA 1749/24-3)
- China Scholarship Council (CSC202106380055)
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2019B090909011)
- Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology Research and Development Program (2019B090917007)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61988102)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V047914/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Keywords
- terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, orthogonal polarization, photoconductive antenna, polarization modulation, demultiplexing, ellipsometry
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