Investigation of polarization effects for high-numerical-aperture first-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams by 2D scanning with a single fluorescent microbead
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The focal intensity distribution of strongly focused (NA=0.9) first order Laguerre-Gaussian doughnut beams is investigated experimentally for three different polarizations: linear, and left-handed circular and right-handed circular. The investigations are done by 2-dimensional scanning the focal plane with of a 100nm diameter fluorescent microbead, and measuring the fluorescence signal. The results are shown to be in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, and demonstrate the superiority of one of the circular polarizations to achieve a sharp dark central spot.
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Focusing circularly-polarized light by a high-numerical-aperture lens generates a spin-dependent optical vortex in the focal field.
“(ii) Focusing of circularly-polarized light by a high-numerical-aperture lens results in the generation of a spin-dependent optical vortex (i.e., helical phase producing orbital angular momentum) in the focal field.”
From Spin–orbit interactions of light (2015) · cites this paper as [23]
The presence of helicity-dependent vortices and IOAM in focused light was observed using probe particles, which experienced transverse orbital rotation around the beam axis with sense determined by the helicity of the incoming wave that had no vorticity prior to focusing.
“The presence of the helicity-dependent vortices and IOAM in focused light was observed using probe particles interacting with the focal field 22,23,99 , Fig. 2b. The particles experienced transverse orbital rotation around the beam axis, which is characteristic of optical vortices 101,102 , with the sense of a rotation determined by the helicity of the incoming wave, which”
From Spin–orbit interactions of light (2015) · cites this paper as [23]
Part of the orbital AM becomes helicity-dependent, so a helicity-dependent vortex should appear even in beams with l=0.
“Part of the orbital AM becomes helicity -dependent, i.e., a helicity-dependent vortex should appear even in beams with = 0 (Fig. 2b) 22- 24,27 .”
From Spin–orbit interactions of light (2015) · cites this paper as [23]
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Hnatovsky, C., Shvedov, V. G., Krolikowski, W. Z., & Rode, A. V. (2011) · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2011.ctuaa6
Optical nanoscopy via quantum controlPreprint
Kaldewey, T., Kuhlmann, A. V., Valentin, S. R., Ludwig, A., Wieck, A. D., & Warburton, R. J. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1701.01646
Nanoparticle-Assisted Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Super-Resolution Nanoscopy
Sivan, Y., & Sonnefraud, Y. (2017) · doi:10.1201/9781315206530-8
Polarization-Addressable Optical Movement of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Hotspot Spin Vortices
Balestrieri, S., Romano, S., Iodice, M., Coppola, G., & Zito, G. (2024) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano14100829
Focusing of Cylindrical Vector Beams and Their Modifications
Kotlyar, V. V., Kovalev, A. A., & Nalimov, A. G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64683-6_3
Spin Hall Effect at the Focus for Light with Circular Polarization
Kotlyar, V. V., Kovalev, A. A., & Nalimov, A. G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64683-6_2
Chakraborty, S., Roy, S., Roy, S., Goswami, J., Nalupurackal, G., Swain, K. K., Banerjee, A., & Roy, B. (2025) · Journal of Physics Communications · doi:10.1088/2399-6528/add238
New Type of Laguerre-Gaussian Beams
Kotlyar, V. V., Abramochkin, E. G., & Kovalev, A. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92217-6_3
Xu, H., & Singh, K. (2025) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/jmi.70013
Spin–orbit transformation in tight focus
Kotlyar, V. V., Kovalev, A. A., Nalimov, A. G., Kozlova, E., & Telegin, A. M. (2025) · Journal of Optical Technology · doi:10.1364/jot.92.000212
Modes de Laguerre-Gauss et canalisation d’atomes froids
Gutiérrez, N. C. C. (2014) · doi:10.70675/3de4026eza388z480az83c5z5c53eec203d2
Asymmetry of longitudinal energy flow in a tightly focused hybrid vector beam
Stafeev, S. S., Zaitsev, V. D., Kozlova, E. S., & Kotlyar, V. V. (2026) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.608122
- Authors
- Bokor, N., Iketaki, Y., Watanabe, T., & Fujii, M.
- Affiliations
- Olympus (Japan) (JP)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 10440
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052521774
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Digital Holography and Microscopy
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Keywords
- Laguerre-Gaussian beams, doughnut beam, polarization effects, high numerical aperture, focal intensity distribution, circular polarization, linear polarization, two-dimensional scanning
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