Whole animal experiments should be more like human randomized controlled trials
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For hypothesis-testing experiments, the sample size needs to be justified to ensure experiments are of an optimal size to test the research question.
“For hypothesis-testing experiments, in which inferential statistics are used to estimate the size of the effect and to determine the weight of evidence against the null hypothesis, the sample size needs to be justified to ensure experiments are of an optimal size to test the research question [33,34] (see Item 13. Objectives).”
From Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
If the experiment is testing the efficacy of a treatment, the occurrence of adverse events may alter the balance between treatment benefit and risk.
“If the experiment is testing the efficacy of a treatment, the occurrence of adverse events may alter the balance between treatment benefit and risk [34].”
From Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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Reynolds, P. S. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119800002.ch3
Virtue, Vice, and the Other Animals: Compassion
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0005
Justice and Animal Research Oversight
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0006
Intellectual Virtues for Animal Science
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0007
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0009
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.002.0005
Rights and Welfare: A Case Study
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0002
Friendship, Human-Animal Bonds, and Partiality in the Lab
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0004
Walker, R. L. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.001.0001
Limitations and Further Thoughts on Moral Status
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0008
Walker, R. L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780190089986.003.0001
- Authors
- Muhlhausler, B. S., Bloomfield, F. H., & Gillman, M. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-02-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e1001481
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC3570551
- OpenAlex
- W2020743835
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 13.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Keywords
- animal models, randomized controlled trials, translational research, animal research ethics, experimental design
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Research Design, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Animal Experimentation
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