A Unified View of “How Allostery Works”
Open accessAbstract
The question of how allostery works was posed almost 50 years ago. Since then it has been the focus of much effort. This is for two reasons: first, the intellectual curiosity of basic science and the desire to understand fundamental phenomena, and second, its vast practical importance. Allostery is at play in all processes in the living cell, and increasingly in drug discovery. Many models have been successfully formulated, and are able to describe allostery even in the absence of a detailed structural mechanism. However, conceptual schemes designed to qualitatively explain allosteric mechanisms usually lack a quantitative mathematical model, and are unable to link its thermodynamic and structural foundations. This hampers insight into oncogenic mutations in cancer progression and biased agonists' actions. Here, we describe how allostery works from three different standpoints: thermodynamics, free energy landscape of population shift, and structure; all with exactly the same allosteric descriptors. This results in a unified view which not only clarifies the elusive allosteric mechanism but also provides structural grasp of agonist-mediated signaling pathways, and guides allosteric drug discovery. Of note, the unified view reasons that allosteric coupling (or communication) does not determine the allosteric efficacy; however, a communication channel is what makes potential binding sites allosteric.
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Allosteric modulators can change protein/substrate affinity in a highly predictable manner by stabilizing target proteins in inactive or active state, leading to desirable controllability.
“Allosteric modulators can change the protein/substrate affinity in a highly predictable manner by stabilizing target proteins in an inactive or active state, leading to desirable controllability.”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [240]
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- Authors
- Tsai, C.-J., & Nussinov, R.
- Affiliations
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Tsai, Chung-Jung
- Nussinov, Ruth
- Venue
- PLoS Computational Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-02-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e1003394
- ISSN
- 1553-734X (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7358
- PMC
- PMC3916236
- OpenAlex
- W2014252415
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 16 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 17.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Computational Biology (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHSN261200800001E)
- National Institutes of Health (#HHSN261200800001E, HHSN261200800001C)
- National Cancer Institute (HHSN261200800001E))
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- allosteric regulation, allosteric mechanism, free energy landscape, demographic change, allosteric communication, communication channels, allosteric drug discovery, biased agonists, oncogenic mutations, protein structure
- MeSH terms
- Allosteric Regulation, Allosteric Site, Ligands, Models, Biological, Thermodynamics, Signal Transduction, Computational Biology
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