Cited by 117Click Chemistry and ApplicationsChemical Synthesis and AnalysisProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling

The Design of Covalent Allosteric Drugs

Nussinov, Ruth, Tsai, Chung-Jung·2015·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Abstract

A key issue in drug discovery is how to reduce drug dosage and increase specificity while retaining or increasing efficacy, as high dosage is often linked to toxicity. There are two types of drugs on the market: orthosteric and allosteric. Orthosteric drugs can be noncovalent or covalent. The latter are advantageous because they may be prescribed in lower doses, but their potential off-target toxicity is a primary concern. The chief advantages of allosteric drugs are their higher specificity and their consequently lower chance of toxic side effects. Covalent allosteric drugs combine the pharmacological merits of covalent drugs with the additional benefit of the higher specificity of allosteric drugs. In a recent promising step in therapeutic drug development, allosteric, disulfide-tethered fragments successfully modulated the activity of a protein kinase and K-Ras.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124401

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105 of 105 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Allosteric drugs have higher specificity and lower toxicity due to targeting nonconserved allosteric sites.

    “Due to its higher specificity and consequently lower toxicity, which results from targeting nonconserved allosteric sites, allostery also increasingly features in allosteric drugs.”

    From AlphaFold, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Allostery (2022) · cites this paper as [120]

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Authors
Nussinov, R., & Tsai, C.-J.
Affiliations
  • Tel Aviv University (IL)
  • Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Published
2015-01-06
Volume
55
Issue
1
Pages
249-267
ISSN
  • 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4304
OpenAlex
W2101700924
Cited by
112
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
FWCI
0.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • U.S. Public Health Service (HHSN261200800001E)
  • National Cancer Institute
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Click Chemistry and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Keywords
allosteric drug design, drug specificity, off-target toxicity, KRAS, drug dosage reduction
MeSH terms
Allosteric Regulation, Animals, Binding Sites, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Kinetics, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Design, Molecular Structure, Signal Transduction, Computer-Aided Design, Enzyme Activators, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

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