The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Statistical Power to Detect Genetic (Co)Variance of Complex Traits Using SNP Data in Unrelated Samples
Open accessAbstract
We have recently developed analysis methods (GREML) to estimate the genetic variance of a complex trait/disease and the genetic correlation between two complex traits/diseases using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in unrelated individuals. Here we use analytical derivations and simulations to quantify the sampling variance of the estimate of the proportion of phenotypic variance captured by all SNPs for quantitative traits and case-control studies. We also derive the approximate sampling variance of the estimate of a genetic correlation in a bivariate analysis, when two complex traits are either measured on the same or different individuals. We show that the sampling variance is inversely proportional to the number of pairwise contrasts in the analysis and to the variance in SNP-derived genetic relationships. For bivariate analysis, the sampling variance of the genetic correlation additionally depends on the harmonic mean of the proportion of variance explained by the SNPs for the two traits and the genetic correlation between the traits, and depends on the phenotypic correlation when the traits are measured on the same individuals. We provide an online tool for calculating the power of detecting genetic (co)variation using genome-wide SNP data. The new theory and online tool will be helpful to plan experimental designs to estimate the missing heritability that has not yet been fully revealed through genome-wide association studies, and to estimate the genetic overlap between complex traits (diseases) in particular when the traits (diseases) are not measured on the same samples.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases
Manolio, T. A., Collins, F. S., Cox, N. J., Goldstein, D. B., Hindorff, L. A., Hunter, D. J., McCarthy, M. I., Ramos, E. M., Cardon, L. R., Chakravarti, A., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08494 · Cited by 8,336
Self-citationHindorff, L. A., Sethupathy, P., Junkins, H. A., Ramos, E. M., Mehta, J. P., Collins, F. S., & Manolio, T. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903103106 · Cited by 4,013
Genomic Control for Association Studies
Devlin, B., & Roeder, K. (1999) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00997.x · Cited by 3,162 · cited 1×
“linear regression for a quantitative trait and logistic regression for a case-control study) will be deflated, causing an inflation of the test-statistics GWAS (often called ‘‘genomic inflation’’ [32]).”
Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2711 · Cited by 2,263
Power and predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores
Dudbridge, F. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003348 · Cited by 1,509
Estimating Missing Heritability for Disease from Genome-wide Association Studies
Lee, S. H., Wray, N. R., Goddard, M. E., & Visscher, P. M. (2011) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.02.002 · Cited by 1,064
Self-citationGenome partitioning of genetic variation for complex traits using common SNPs
Yang, J., Manolio, T. A., Pasquale, L. R., Boerwinkle, E., Caporaso, N., Cunningham, J. M., de Andrade, M., Feenstra, B., Feingold, E., Hayes, M. G., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.823 · Cited by 890
Self-citationBayesian inference analyses of the polygenic architecture of rheumatoid arthritis
Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis Consortium, Stahl, E. A., Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium, Wegmann, D., Trynka, G., Gutierrez-Achury, J., Do, R., Voight, B. F., Kraft, P., Chen, R., et al. (2012) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2232 · Cited by 388
Sham, P. C., Cherny, S. S., Purcell, S., & Hewitt, J. K. (2000) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302891 · Cited by 260
Lee, S. H., Harold, D., Nyholt, D. R., ANZGene Consortium, International Endogene Consortium, the Genetic and Environmental Risk for Alzheimer's disease (GERAD1) Consortium, Goddard, M. E., Zondervan, K. T., Williams, J., Montgomery, G. W., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/dds491 · Cited by 217
Self-citation
Cited by
Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota
Rothschild, D., Weissbrod, O., Barkan, E., Kurilshikov, A., Korem, T., Zeevi, D., Costea, P. I., Godneva, A., Kalka, I. N., Bar, N., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25973 · Cited by 2,859
A global overview of pleiotropy and genetic architecture in complex traits
Watanabe, K., Stringer, S., Frei, O., Umićević Mirkov, M., de Leeuw, C., Polderman, T. J. C., van der Sluis, S., Andreassen, O. A., Neale, B. M., & Posthuma, D. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0481-0 · Cited by 1,332
Guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations
Burgess, S., Davey Smith, G., Davies, N. M., Dudbridge, F., Gill, D., Glymour, M. M., Hartwig, F. P., Holmes, M. V., Minelli, C., Relton, C. L., et al. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15555.2 · Cited by 1,273
Detection and interpretation of shared genetic influences on 42 human traits
Pickrell, J. K., Berisa, T., Liu, J. Z., Ségurel, L., Tung, J. Y., & Hinds, D. A. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3570 · Cited by 1,151
Guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations: update for summer 2023
Burgess, S., Davey Smith, G., Davies, N. M., Dudbridge, F., Gill, D., Glymour, M. M., Hartwig, F. P., Kutalik, Z., Holmes, M. V., Minelli, C., et al. (2023) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15555.3 · Cited by 721
Metadata
- Authors
- Visscher, P. M., Hemani, G., Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Chen, G.-B., Lee, S. H., Wray, N. R., Goddard, M. E., & Yang, J.
- Venue
- PLoS Genetics
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-04-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e1004269
- ISSN
- 1553-7390 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7404
- OpenAlex
- W2034046719
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 21.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Statistical Power to Detect Genetic (Co)Variance of Complex Traits Using SNP Data in Unrelated Samples. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004269
- The paper
- Visscher, P. M., Hemani, G., Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Chen, G.-B., Lee, S. H., Wray, N. R., Goddard, M. E., & Yang, J. (2014). Statistical Power to Detect Genetic (Co)Variance of Complex Traits Using SNP Data in Unrelated Samples. PLoS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004269
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.