Effectiveness of a brief intervention and text-based booster in the emergency department to reduce harmful and hazardous alcohol use: A pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial in Moshi, Tanzania

Background Alcohol use contributes to over 3 million deaths annually. In Tanzania, there are no evidence-based culturally adapted interventions to address harmful alcohol use behaviors. Our hypothesis was that “ Punguza Pombe Kwa Afya Yako ” (PPKAY, Reduce Alcohol for your Health), a culturally a…