The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toxocariasis in North America: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Toxocariasis is an important neglected tropical disease that can manifest as visceral or ocular larva migrans, or covert toxocariasis. All three forms pose a public health problem and cause significant morbidity in areas of high prevalence. To determine the burden of toxocariasis in North America, we conducted a systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines. We found 18 articles with original prevalence, incidence, or case data for toxocariasis. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.6% in a Canadian Inuit community to 30.8% in Mexican children with asthma. Commonly cited risk factors included: African-American race, poverty, male sex, and pet ownership or environmental contamination by animal feces. Increased prevalence of Toxocara spp. infection was linked in a group of case control studies conducted in Mexico to several high risk groups including waste pickers, asthmatic children, and inpatient psychiatry patients. Further research is needed to determine the true current burden of toxocariasis in North America; however the prevalence estimates gathered in this review suggest that the burden of disease is significant.
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“The highest risk is in young children owing to an increased likelihood of high inoculum after the ingestion of dog or cat feces containing ova. 26”
From Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
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“Because most household pets are regularly dewormed and larvae require two to three weeks after being passed in feces to become infective, the risk of exposure is highest after contact with soil contaminated with waste from untreated or stray animals, such as in sandboxes, gardens or playing fields. 2,26”
From Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
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Cites
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Childhood Parasitic Infections Endemic to the United States
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- PJ Hotez, 2014, Neglected infections of poverty and the American brain, JAMA Psychiatry
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Items 101–127 of 127
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Rezungles, F., Desmoulin, A., Koumar, Y., Andry, F., MANAQUIN, R., Poubeau, P., Kassir, M. S., Picot, S., Chassagne, C., & Diallo, K. (2025) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11317-3 · Cited by 1
Nikolaeva, D. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d181fc38z3338z4b3czb026zd2bb73042dea · Cited by 1
Larva migrans visceral (toxocariasis pulmonar)
(2017) · Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria · doi:10.5546/aap.2017.207
Toxocaríase murina experimental: diagnóstico por PCR e comparação com técnicas imunológicas
Fonseca, G. R. E. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2018.tde-28092018-102527
Mansouri, S., Fallah, M., Maghsood, A. H., & Matini, M. (2019) · مجله پزشکی بالینی ابن سینا · doi:10.29252/ajcm.26.2.99
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ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОБ ПІСКУ З ПАРКІВ ТА ПІСОЧНИЦЬ М. ЗАПОРІЖЖЯ НА НАЯВНІСТЬ ЯЄЦЬ TOXOCARA SPP.
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A Systematic Review of Disparities in Risk for Neglected Infections of Poverty in the United States
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(2023) · International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences · doi:10.47278/book.zoon/2023.013
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Біохімічні показники сироватки крові собак за токсокарозної інвазії
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Fonseca, G. R. E. (2024) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2024.tde-26112024-134349
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Weatherhead, J. E., & Hotez, P. J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-82763-8.00242-9
Self-citationZibaei, M., Hatami, Z., Firoozeh, F., Bakhshipour, F., Miahipour, A., Soleimani, A., & Shokri, E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22757272
Zibaei, M., Hatami, Z., Firoozeh, F., Bakhshipour, F., Miahipour, A., Soleimani, A., & Shokri, E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22757275
Epidemiological study of Toxocara canis infection in dogs in selected regions of Egypt
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, R. M., Moore, L. B., Bottazzi, M. E., & Hotez, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Rice University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hotez, Peter J.
- Venue
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-08-28
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e3116
- ISSN
- 1935-2727 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-2735
- PMC
- PMC4148222
- OpenAlex
- W1990683804
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS neglected tropical diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Rice Research Repository (Rice University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- toxocariasis, Toxocara, visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, prevalence, incidence, disease burden, risk factors, pet ownership, poverty, asthma, waste pickers, psychiatric patients, North America
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, North America, Risk Factors, Toxocariasis, Young Adult
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