lac Repressor Is an Antivirulence Factor of Salmonella enterica: Its Role in the Evolution of Virulence in Salmonella
Open accessAbstract
The genus Salmonella includes many pathogens of great medical and veterinary importance. Bacteria belonging to this genus are very closely related to those belonging to the genus Escherichia. lacZYA operon and lacI are present in Escherichia coli, but not in Salmonella enterica. It has been proposed that Salmonella has lost lacZYA operon and lacI during evolution. In this study, we have investigated the physiological and evolutionary significance of the absence of lacI in Salmonella enterica. Using murine model of typhoid fever, we show that the expression of LacI causes a remarkable reduction in the virulence of Salmonella enterica. LacI also suppresses the ability of Salmonella enterica to proliferate inside murine macrophages. Microarray analysis revealed that LacI interferes with the expression of virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. This effect was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Interestingly, we found that SBG0326 of Salmonella bongori is homologous to lacI of Escherichia coli. Salmonella bongori is the only other species of the genus Salmonella and it lacks the virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. Overall, our results demonstrate that LacI is an antivirulence factor of Salmonella enterica and suggest that absence of lacI has facilitated the acquisition of virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 in Salmonella enterica making it a successful systemic pathogen.
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The acquisition of the lactose operon by Salmonella reduces its virulence potential.
“However, the acquisition of the lactose operon by Salmonella reduces its virulence potential [59].”
From Characterization of virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from human stools and street food in urban areas of Burkina Faso (2021) · cites this paper as [59]
The Results (page unavailable) show reduced virulence in mice when S. enterica expresses LacI. The Introduction (page unavailable) distinguishes lacI, which encodes the repressor, from the lacZYA lactose operon. The paper does not show that acquisition of the operon itself reduces virulence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Eswarappa, S. M., Karnam, G., Nagarajan, A. G., Chakraborty, S., & Chakravortty, D.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Science Bangalore (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Chakravortty, Dipshikha
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-06-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e5789
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2686271
- OpenAlex
- W1999206316
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Indian Institute of Science (191/MCB)
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (DBT 197)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Keywords
- lac repressor, LacI, Salmonella enterica, virulence evolution, SPI-2, virulence gene expression, Salmonella bongori, typhoid fever, macrophage proliferation, Escherichia coli, gene loss
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Molecular Sequence Data, Repressor Proteins, Typhoid Fever, Virulence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Evolution, Molecular, Salmonella enterica, Genomic Islands, Cell Proliferation, Mice
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