Prestige Affects Cultural Learning in Chimpanzees
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Humans follow the example of prestigious, high-status individuals much more readily than that of others, such as when we copy the behavior of village elders, community leaders, or celebrities. This tendency has been declared uniquely human, yet remains untested in other species. Experimental studies of animal learning have typically focused on the learning mechanism rather than on social issues, such as who learns from whom. The latter, however, is essential to understanding how habits spread. Here we report that when given opportunities to watch alternative solutions to a foraging problem performed by two different models of their own species, chimpanzees preferentially copy the method shown by the older, higher-ranking individual with a prior track-record of success. Since both solutions were equally difficult, shown an equal number of times by each model and resulted in equal rewards, we interpret this outcome as evidence that the preferred model in each of the two groups tested enjoyed a significant degree of prestige in terms of whose example other chimpanzees chose to follow. Such prestige-based cultural transmission is a phenomenon shared with our own species. If similar biases operate in wild animal populations, the adoption of culturally transmitted innovations may be significantly shaped by the characteristics of performers.
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In human and animal cultural accumulation, selection of the best performing agent is learned through prestige cues.
“In human and animal cultural accumulation, this selection is instead learned through prestige cues Barkow et al. [1975], Horner et al. [2010].”
From Artificial Generational Intelligence: Cultural Accumulation in Reinforcement Learning (2024) · cites this paper as Horner et al. [2010]
The Discussion reports that chimpanzees preferentially copied an older, higher-ranking model with a history of success, and relates this prestige-based preference to human social learning. But the experiment tested transmission of equally effective foraging methods, not selection of the best-performing method or cultural accumulation in humans and animals. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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“Previous discussions of model preference by non-humans have argued that dominant individuals may be copied by subordinates due to fear of aggression, rather than as a result of freely conferred prestige [25].”
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- Authors
- Horner, V., Proctor, D., Bonnie, K. E., Whiten, A., & de Waal, F. B. M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Beloit College (US)
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Horner, Victoria
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2010-05-19
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e10625
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2873264
- OpenAlex
- W2137020248
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 14.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Emory University
- Leverhulme Trust
- National Institutes of Health (RR‐00165)
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (-00165, RR 00165)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-00 165, P51RR000165)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- prestige bias, cultural learning, chimpanzees, social learning, cultural transmission, foraging behavior, social status, imitation, animal cognition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Pan troglodytes, Culture, Humans, Learning, Models, Psychological, Social Dominance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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