The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Thermal- and Oxidative Stress Causes Enhanced Release of NKG2D Ligand-Bearing Immunosuppressive Exosomes in Leukemia/Lymphoma T and B Cells
Open accessAbstract
Immune evasion from NK surveillance related to inadequate NK-cell function has been suggested as an explanation of the high incidence of relapse and fatal outcome of many blood malignancies. In this report we have used Jurkat and Raji cell lines as a model for studies of the NKG2D receptor-ligand system in T-and B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunoflow cytometry we show that Jurkat and Raji cells constitutively express mRNA and protein for the stress-inducible NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1 and 2, and up-regulate the expression in a cell-line specific and stress-specific manner. Furthermore, we revealed by electron microscopy, immunoflow cytometry and western blot that these ligands were expressed and secreted on exosomes, nanometer-sized microvesicles of endosomal origin. Acting as a decoy, the NKG2D ligand-bearing exosomes downregulate the in vitro NKG2D receptor-mediated cytotoxicity and thus impair NK-cell function. Interestingly, thermal and oxidative stress enhanced the exosome secretion generating more soluble NKG2D ligands that aggravated the impairment of the cytotoxic response. Taken together, our results might partly explain the clinically observed NK-cell dysfunction in patients suffering from leukemia/lymphoma. The adverse effect of thermal and oxidative stress, enhancing the release of immunosuppressive exosomes, should be considered when cytostatic and hyperthermal anti-cancer therapies are designed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Skog, J., Würdinger, T., van Rijn, S., Meijer, D. H., Gainche, L., Curry, W. T., Carter, B. S., Krichevsky, A. M., & Breakefield, X. O. (2008) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1800 · Cited by 5,001
Tumor-derived exosomes are a source of shared tumor rejection antigens for CTL cross-priming
Wolfers, J., Lozier, A., Raposo, G., Regnault, A., Théry, C., Masurier, C., Flament, C., Pouzieux, S., Faure, F., Tursz, T., et al. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/85438 · Cited by 1,640
Tumour-derived soluble MIC ligands impair expression of NKG2D and T-cell activation
Groh, V., Wu, J., Yee, C., & Spies, T. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01112 · Cited by 1,592
Malignant effusions and immunogenic tumour-derived exosomes
Andre, F., Schartz, N. E., Movassagh, M., Flament, C., Pautier, P., Morice, P., Pomel, C., Lhomme, C., Escudier, B., Le Chevalier, T., et al. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09552-1 · Cited by 953
Exosomes: A Common Pathway for a Specialized Function
van Niel, G., Porto-Carreiro, I., Simoes, S., & Raposo, G. (2006) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/jb/mvj128 · Cited by 922
NKG2D-deficient mice are defective in tumor surveillance in models of spontaneous malignancy
Guerra, N., Tan, Y. X., Joncker, N. T., Choy, A., Gallardo, F., Xiong, N., Knoblaugh, S., Cado, D., Greenberg, N. R., & Raulet, D. H. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.02.016 · Cited by 850
Prostate cancer-derived urine exosomes: a novel approach to biomarkers for prostate cancer
Nilsson, J., Skog, J., Nordstrand, A., Baranov, V, Mincheva-Nilsson, L., Breakefield, X. O., & Widmark, A. (2009) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605058 · Cited by 776
Self-citationThe Role of the NKG2D Immunoreceptor in Immune Cell Activation and Natural Killing
Jamieson, A. M., Diefenbach, A., McMahon, C. W., Xiong, N., Carlyle, J. R., & Raulet, D. H. (2002) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00333-3 · Cited by 647
Cutting Edge: Down-Regulation of MICA on Human Tumors by Proteolytic Shedding
Salih, H. R., Rammensee, H.-G., & Steinle, A. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4098 · Cited by 643
Cerwenka, A., Baron, J. L., & Lanier, L. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.201238598 · Cited by 606
Cited by
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
Yáñez‐Mó, M., Siljander, P. R. ‐., Andreu, Z., Bedina Zavec, A., Borràs, F. E., Buzas, E. I., Buzas, K., Casal, E., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.27066 · Cited by 5,926
Extracellular vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities
EL Andaloussi, S., Mäger, I., Breakefield, X. O., & Wood, M. J. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3978 · Cited by 3,571
Classification, Functions, and Clinical Relevance of Extracellular Vesicles
van der Pol, E., Böing, A. N., Harrison, P., Sturk, A., & Nieuwland, R. (2012) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.112.005983 · Cited by 1,754
Regulation of Ligands for the NKG2D Activating Receptor
Raulet, D. H., Gasser, S., Gowen, B. G., Deng, W., & Jung, H. (2013) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095951 · Cited by 848
Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment
Maia, J., Caja, S., Strano Moraes, M. C., Couto, N., & Costa-Silva, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2018.00018 · Cited by 666
Metadata
- Authors
- Hedlund, M., Nagaeva, O., Kargl, D., Baranov, V., & Mincheva-Nilsson, L.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-02-25
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e16899
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020404158
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Thermal- and Oxidative Stress Causes Enhanced Release of NKG2D Ligand-Bearing Immunosuppressive Exosomes in Leukemia/Lymphoma T and B Cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1371/journal.pone.0016899
- The paper
- Hedlund, M., Nagaeva, O., Kargl, D., Baranov, V., & Mincheva-Nilsson, L. (2011). Thermal- and Oxidative Stress Causes Enhanced Release of NKG2D Ligand-Bearing Immunosuppressive Exosomes in Leukemia/Lymphoma T and B Cells. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016899
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
