The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Man and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the Deep Sea
Open accessAbstract
The deep sea, the largest ecosystem on Earth and one of the least studied, harbours high biodiversity and provides a wealth of resources. Although humans have used the oceans for millennia, technological developments now allow exploitation of fisheries resources, hydrocarbons and minerals below 2000 m depth. The remoteness of the deep seafloor has promoted the disposal of residues and litter. Ocean acidification and climate change now bring a new dimension of global effects. Thus the challenges facing the deep sea are large and accelerating, providing a new imperative for the science community, industry and national and international organizations to work together to develop successful exploitation management and conservation of the deep-sea ecosystem. This paper provides scientific expert judgement and a semi-quantitative analysis of past, present and future impacts of human-related activities on global deep-sea habitats within three categories: disposal, exploitation and climate change. The analysis is the result of a Census of Marine Life--SYNDEEP workshop (September 2008). A detailed review of known impacts and their effects is provided. The analysis shows how, in recent decades, the most significant anthropogenic activities that affect the deep sea have evolved from mainly disposal (past) to exploitation (present). We predict that from now and into the future, increases in atmospheric CO(2) and facets and consequences of climate change will have the most impact on deep-sea habitats and their fauna. Synergies between different anthropogenic pressures and associated effects are discussed, indicating that most synergies are related to increased atmospheric CO(2) and climate change effects. We identify deep-sea ecosystems we believe are at higher risk from human impacts in the near future: benthic communities on sedimentary upper slopes, cold-water corals, canyon benthic communities and seamount pelagic and benthic communities. We finalise this review with a short discussion on protection and management methods.
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Cites
Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments
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Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification
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“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide is currently the highest experienced on Earth for the last 20 million years, and is estimated by 2100 to be double that of pre-industrial times [229].”
BackgroundDeep, diverse and definitely different: Unique attributes of the world’s largest ecosystem
Ramirez-Llodra, E., Brandt, A., Danovaro, R., De Mol, B., Escobar, E., German, C. R., Levin, L. A., Martinez Arbizu, P., Menot, L., Buhl-Mortensen, P., et al. (2010) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-7-2851-2010 · Cited by 913
Self-citationEffect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean
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Degradation of plastic carrier bags in the marine environment
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Cited by
The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris
Woodall, L. C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Canals, M., Paterson, G. L. J., Coppock, R., Sleight, V., Calafat, A., Rogers, A. D., Narayanaswamy, B. E., & Thompson, R. C. (2014) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.140317 · Cited by 1,946
Deep, diverse and definitely different: Unique attributes of the world’s largest ecosystem
Ramirez-Llodra, E., Brandt, A., Danovaro, R., De Mol, B., Escobar, E., German, C. R., Levin, L. A., Martinez Arbizu, P., Menot, L., Buhl-Mortensen, P., et al. (2010) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-7-2851-2010 · Cited by 913
Self-citationBioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna
Jamieson, A. J., Malkocs, T., Piertney, S. B., Fujii, T., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-016-0051 · Cited by 389
A global biogeographic classification of the mesopelagic zone
Sutton, T. T., Clark, M. R., Dunn, D. C., Halpin, P. N., Rogers, A. D., Guinotte, J., Bograd, S. J., Angel, M. V., Perez, J. A. A., Wishner, K., et al. (2017) · Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2017.05.006 · Cited by 319
Self-citationEcological impacts of human‐induced animal behaviour change
Wilson, M. W., Ridlon, A. D., Gaynor, K. M., Gaines, S. D., Stier, A. C., & Halpern, B. S. (2020) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13571 · Cited by 281
Metadata
- Authors
- Ramirez-Llodra, E., Tyler, P. A., Baker, M. C., Bergstad, O. A., Clark, M. R., Escobar, E., Levin, L. A., Menot, L., Rowden, A. A., Smith, C. R., & Van Dover, C. L.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-08-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e22588
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019284478
- Cited by
- 850
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 26.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Ramirez-Llodra, E., Tyler, P. A., Baker, M. C., Bergstad, O. A., Clark, M. R., Escobar, E., Levin, L. A., Menot, L., Rowden, A. A., Smith, C. R., & Van Dover, C. L. (2011). Man and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the Deep Sea. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022588
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
