Genetic liability to disability pension in women and men: a prospective population-based twin study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of risk factors for disability pension (DP) have mainly focused on psychosocial, or environmental, factors, while the relative importance of genetic effects has been less studied. Sex differences in biological mechanisms have not been investigated at all. METHODS: The study sample included 46,454 Swedish twins, consisting of 23,227 complete twin pairs, born 1928-1958, who were followed during 1993-2008. Data on DP, including diagnoses, were obtained from the National Social Insurance Agency. Within-pair similarity in liability to DP was assessed by calculating intraclass correlations. Genetic and environmental influences on liability to DP were estimated by applying discrete-time frailty modeling. RESULTS: During follow-up, 7,669 individuals were granted DP (18.8% women and 14.1% men). Intraclass correlations were generally higher in MZ pairs than DZ pairs, while DZ same-sexed pairs were more similar than opposite-sexed pairs. The best-fitting model indicated that genetic factors contributed 49% (95% CI: 39-59) to the variance in DP due to mental diagnoses, 35% (95% CI: 29-41) due to musculoskeletal diagnoses, and 27% (95% CI: 20-33) due to all other diagnoses. In both sexes, genetic effects common to all ages explained one-third, whereas age-specific factors almost two-thirds, of the total variance in liability to DP irrespective of diagnosis. Sex differences in liability to DP were indicated, in that partly different sets of genes were found to operate in women and men, even though the magnitude of genetic variance explained was equal for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study suggest that genetic effects are important for liability to DP due to different diagnoses. Moreover, genetic contributions to liability to DP tend to differ between women and men, even though the overall relative contribution of genetic influences does not differ by sex. Hence, the pathways leading to DP might differ between women and men.
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Self-citationKärkkäinen, S., Silventoinen, K., Svedberg, P., & Ropponen, A. (2019) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-019-01505-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in family situation and concurrent changes in working life: a 15-year longitudinal analysis
Wang, M., Svedberg, P., Narusyte, J., & Ropponen, A. (2024) · Family Medicine and Community Health · doi:10.1136/fmch-2023-002438 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationTrajectories of sickness absence and disability pension in young working-age adults in Sweden
Alaie, I., Svedberg, P., Ropponen, A., & Narusyte, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03739-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMusculoskeletal pain and work absence – a 10 year follow-up study of Norwegian young adult twins
Ørstavik, R., Knudsen, G. P., Tambs, K., Gjerde, L. C., Torvik, F. A., Nielsen, C. S., Røysamb, E., & Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T. (2016) · Norsk Epidemiologi · doi:10.5324/nje.v26i1-2.2018 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kärkkäinen, S., Bergström, J., Ropponen, A., Wang, M., Narusyte, J., & Svedberg, P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37572-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationRopponen, A., Pettersson, E., Narusyte, J., & Svedberg, P. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948241284041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvantages of linking national registries with twin registries for epidemiological research
Gjerde, L. C., Torvik, F. A., Østby, K. A., Knudsen, G. P., Czajkowski, N. O., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., & Ørstavik, R. (2016) · Norsk Epidemiologi · doi:10.5324/nje.v26i1-2.2020 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Moreira, A. A. O., Martins, J. T., Robazzi, M. L. D. C. C., Ribeiro, R. P., Birolim, M. M., & Galdino, M. J. Q. (2018) · Ciencia y enfermería/Ciencia y enfermería · doi:10.4067/s0717-95532018000100204 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Disability Pension : Studies of a Swedish Twin Cohort
Samuelsson, Å. (2013) · DiVA (University of Gävle) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHezekiah, C., Blakemore, A. I. F., Bailey, D. P., & Pazoki, R. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.22.23295992 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adolescent health and the risk of school dropout and labour market exclusion in young adulthood
Ridder, K. D. (2014) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Bibliography of Finnish Population Studies 2011–2013
Helamaa, T. (2014) · Finnish Yearbook of Population Research · doi:10.23979/fypr.48429
SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES
Leinonen, T. (2014)
Social inequalities in reception of social welfare support: A population based twin study
Ystrøm, E., Ørstavik, R., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., & Torvik, F. A. (2016) · Norsk Epidemiologi · doi:10.5324/nje.v26i1-2.2016
Wang, M., Svedberg, P., Silventoinen, K., Böckerman, P., Narusyte, J., & Ropponen, A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2761551/v1
Self-citationRaza, A., Wang, M., Narusyte, J., Svedberg, P., & Ropponen, A. (2023) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1002/1348-9585.12406
Self-citationPozzobon, C. R., de Oliveira, G. M. M., & Soares, G. P. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho · doi:10.47626/1679-4435-2023-1174
Moe, K., Skarpsno, E. S., Nilsen, T. I. L., Mork, P. J., & Aasdahl, L. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20071-1
The Impact of Severe Heart Disease on Causes of Death and Survival after Disability Retirement
Pozzobon, C. R., Soares, G. P., Luiz, R. R., & de Oliveira, G. M. M. (2024) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20240068i
A life course study of genetic and environmental influences on sustainable working life
Ropponen, A., Bergström, J., Narusyte, J., & Svedberg, P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0317675
Self-citationWang, M., Svedberg, P., Silventoinen, K., Böckerman, P., Narusyte, J., & Ropponen, A. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948251398693
Self-citationMoe, K., Skarpsno, E. S., Nilsen, T. I. L., Mork, P. J., & Aasdahl, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27123887
Kravchenko, O., Halvorsen, M. W., Bäckman, J., Kaldo, V., Crowley, J. J., Kuja‐Halkola, R., Rück, C., & Wallert, J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9759052/v1
- Authors
- Narusyte, J., Ropponen, A., Silventoinen, K., Alexanderson, K., Kaprio, J., Samuelsson, Å., & Svedberg, P.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Narusyte, Jurgita
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-08-05
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e23143
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3151284
- OpenAlex
- W2020994086
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap (2007-1762)
- Academy of Finland
- Karolinska Institutet
- Vetenskapsrådet (521-2008-3054)
- Svenska Läkaresällskapet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Demography › Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- disability pension, genetic susceptibility, sex differences, twin studies, heritability, environmental influences
- MeSH terms
- Female, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Male, Pensions, Prospective Studies, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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