The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Android Fat Depot Is More Closely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome than Abdominal Visceral Fat in Elderly People
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Fat accumulation in android compartments may confer increased metabolic risk. The incremental utility of measuring regional fat deposition in association with metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been well described particularly in an elderly population. METHODS AND FINDINGS: As part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging, which is a community-based cohort study of people aged more than 65 years, subjects (287 male, 75.9±8.6 years and 278 female, 76.0±8.8 years) with regional body composition data using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for android/gynoid area, computed tomography for visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT), and cardiometabolic markers including adiponectin and high-sensitivity CRP were enrolled. We investigated the relationship between regional body composition and MS in multivariate regression models. Mean VAT and SAT area was 131.4±65.5 cm(2) and 126.9±55.2 cm(2) in men (P = 0.045) and 120.0±46.7 cm(2) and 211.8±65.9 cm(2) in women (P<0.01). Mean android and gynoid fat amount was 1.8±0.8 kg and 2.5±0.8 kg in men and 2.0±0.6 kg and 3.3±0.8 kg in women, respectively (both P<0.01). VAT area and android fat amount was strongly correlated with most metabolic risk factors compared to SAT or gynoid fat. Furthermore, android fat amount was significantly associated with clustering of MS components after adjustment for multiple parameters including age, gender, adiponectin, hsCRP, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, whole body fat mass and VAT area. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized role of android fat as a pathogenic fat depot in the MS. Measurement of android fat may provide a more complete understanding of metabolic risk associated with variations in fat distribution.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“BRI offers potential advantages, such as incorporating both height and waist circumference (WC) to provide a more comprehensive estimate of body composition, which may better reflect visceral adiposity compared to body mass index (BMI) alone.”
From Effectiveness of body roundness index for the prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“However, its limitations include the need for further validation in diverse populations and the lack of clear evidence demonstrating its superiority over conventional biomarkers in all clinical contexts [12].”
From Effectiveness of body roundness index for the prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition
Alberti, K. G. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67402-8 · Cited by 9,352
Computed Tomography — An Increasing Source of Radiation Exposure
Brenner, D. J., & Hall, E. J. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra072149 · Cited by 8,738
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome
Isomaa, B., Almgren, P., Tuomi, T., Forsén, B., Lahti, K., Nissén, M., Taskinen, M.-R., & Groop, L. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.683 · Cited by 4,760
Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome
Després, J.-P., & Lemieux, I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05488 · Cited by 4,354
Wg, A., Edwards, J., Frye, R., Gg, G., Gott, V. L., Griffith, L., McGoon, D. C., Murphy, M., & Roe, B. B. (1975) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.51.4.5 · Cited by 3,255
Fox, C. S., Massaro, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Pou, K. M., Maurovich-Horvat, P., Liu, C.-Y., Vasan, R. S., Murabito, J. M., Meigs, J. B., Cupples, L. A., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.675355 · Cited by 2,882
Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: Structural and functional differences
Ibrahim, M. M. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00623.x · Cited by 2,238
Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators
Mazurek, T., Zhang, L., Zalewski, A., Mannion, J. D., Diehl, J. T., Arafat, H., Sarov-Blat, L., O’Brien, S., Keiper, E. A., Johnson, A. G., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000099542.57313.c5 · Cited by 1,966
Abdominal Adiposity and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Rexrode, K. M. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.21.1843 · Cited by 1,208
Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity
Fabbrini, E., Magkos, F., Mohammed, B. S., Pietka, T., Abumrad, N. A., Patterson, B. W., Okunade, A., & Klein, S. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904944106 · Cited by 972
Marquis, K., Debigaré, R., Lacasse, Y., Leblanc, P., Jobin, J., Carrier, G., & Maltais, F. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2107031 · Cited by 840
Abdominal Fat: Standardized Technique for Measurement at CT
Yoshizumi, T., Nakamura, T., Yamane, M., Islam, A. H. M. W., Menju, M., Yamasaki, K., Arai, T., Kotani, K., Funahashi, T., Yamashita, S., et al. (1999) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.211.1.r99ap15283 · Cited by 829
Human Body Composition: In Vivo Methods
Ellis, K. J. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.2.649 · Cited by 826
Yudkin, J. S., Eringa, E. C., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66585-3 · Cited by 551
Meigs, J. B. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/152.10.908 · Cited by 397
Visceral adipose tissue: relations between single-slice areas and total volume
Shen, W., Punyanitya, M., Wang, Z., Gallagher, D., St‐Onge, M., Albu, J., Heymsfield, S. B., & Heshka, S. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.2.271 · Cited by 352
Abdominal Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Després, J., Lemieux, I., & Alméras, N. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-32164-6_8 · Cited by 288
Anthropometry in Body Composition: An Overview
Wang, J., Thornton, J. C., KOLESNIK, S., & Pierson, R. N. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06474.x · Cited by 276
Pericardial Fat, Intrathoracic Fat, and Measures of Left Ventricular Structure and Function
Fox, C. S., Gona, P. N., Hoffmann, U., Porter, S. A., Salton, C. J., Massaro, J. M., Levy, D. A., Larson, M. G., D’Agostino, R. B., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.828970 · Cited by 250
Cardiovascular Disease Under the Influence of Excess Visceral Fat
Després, J. (2007) · Critical Pathways in Cardiology A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1097/hpc.0b013e318057d4c9 · Cited by 205
Park, Y.-W., Heymsfield, S., & Gallagher, D. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801982 · Cited by 196
Distribution of body fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women
Canoy, D. (2008) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0b013e328313133a · Cited by 171
Hind, K., Oldroyd, B., & Truscott, J. G. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.190 · Cited by 170
The Epidemiology of Central Fat Distribution in Relation to Disease
Pi-Sunyer, F. X. (2004) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00081.x · Cited by 153
Effect of Android to Gynoid Fat Ratio on Insulin Resistance in Obese Youth
Aucouturier, J., Meyer, M., Thivel, D., Taillardat, M., & Duché, P. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.148 · Cited by 117
Lohman, M., Tallroth, K., Kettunen, J. A., & Marttinen, M. T. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.023 · Cited by 114
Estimating intraabdominal adipose tissue in women by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Treuth, M., Hunter, G., & Kekes-Szabo, T. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.3.527 · Cited by 112
Excess Visceral Adipose Tissue/Ectopic Fat
Després, J. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.063 · Cited by 103
Zillikens, M. C., Uitterlinden, A. G., van Leeuwen, J. P. T. M., Berends, A. L., Henneman, P., van Dijk, K. W., Oostra, B. A., van Duijn, C. M., Pols, H. A. P., & Rivadeneira, F. (2009) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-009-9319-6 · Cited by 99
Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences
Ibrahim, M. M. (2010) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/2071-8713-5212 · Cited by 93
Oka, R., Miura, K., Sakurai, M., Nakamura, K., Yagi, K., Miyamoto, S., Moriuchi, T., Mabuchi, H., Koizumi, J., Nomura, H., et al. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.180 · Cited by 85
Lim, S. K., Kwon, S., Yoon, J. W., Kim, S. Y., Choi, S. H., Park, Y. J., Yoon, H. I., Chang, Y., Lee, J. H., Lee, C., et al. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.167 · Cited by 53
Self-citationFat in Liver/Muscle Correlates More Strongly With Insulin Sensitivity in Rats Than Abdominal Fat
Lim, S. K., Son, K. R., Song, I. C., Park, H. S., Jin, C. J., Jang, H. C., Park, K. S., Kim, Y., & Lee, H. K. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.486 · Cited by 53
Self-citationLim, S. K., Yoon, J. W., Choi, S. H., Park, Y. J., Lee, J. J., Park, J. H., Lee, S. B., Kim, K. W., Lim, J., Kim, Y., et al. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.232 · Cited by 51
Self-citationSk, K., Park, S., Hwang, I.-J., Lee, Y.-K., & Cho, Y. ‐. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.210 · Cited by 36
Upper body adiposity and the risk for atherosclerosis.
Gaal, L. F. V., Vansant, G. A. A. M., & Leeuw, I. H. D. (1989) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1989.10720320 · Cited by 35
Lim, S. K., Choi, S. H., Choi, E., Chang, S., Ku, Y. H., Chun, E. J., Choi, S. I., Jang, H. C., & Chang, H. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.041 · Cited by 33
Self-citationEffect of truncal adiposity on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.
Niederauer, C. M., Binkley, T. L., & SPECKER, B. L. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 25
The Epidemiology of Central Fat Distribution in Relation to Disease
Pi‐Sunyer, F. X. (2004) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1301/nr.2004.jul.s120-s126 · Cited by 25
Berends, A., Zillikens, M. C., de Groot, C. J. M., Rivadeneira, F., Oostra, B. A., van Duijn, C. M., & Steegers, E. (2009) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02044.x · Cited by 23
Rhee, E., Choi, J.-H., Yoo, S.-H., Bae, J.-C., Kim, W.-J., Choi, E.-S., Park, S. E., Park, C., Park, S. W., Oh, K.-W., et al. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.138 · Cited by 18
Self-citationIndices of central and peripheral body fat: association with non-fatal acute myocardial infarction
Oliveira, A., Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F., Severo, M., & Lopes, C. M. M. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.281 · Cited by 16
Effect of Android to Gynoid Fat Ratio on Insulin Resistance in Obese Youth
Nieman, D. C. (2010) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0162-0908(09)79608-4 · Cited by 7
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 47 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A New Body Shape Index Predicts Mortality Hazard Independently of Body Mass Index
Krakauer, N. Y., & Krakauer, J. C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039504 · Cited by 1,357
Stekovic, S., Hofer, S. J., Tripolt, N., Aon, M. A., Royer, P., Pein, L., Stadler, J. T., Pendl, T., Prietl, B., Url, J., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.016 · Cited by 412
Body fat distribution and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome: A longitudinal cohort study
Kwon, H., Kim, D., & Kim, J. S. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09723-y · Cited by 205
Pinnick, K. E., Nicholson, G., Manolopoulos, K. N., McQuaid, S., Valet, P., Frayn, K. N., Denton, N., Min, J. L., Zondervan, K. T., Fleckner, J., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0385 · Cited by 195
Chang, Y., Guo, X., Chen, Y., Guo, L., Li, Z., Yu, S., Yang, H., & Sun, Y. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2150-2 · Cited by 180
Metadata
- Authors
- Kang, S. M., Yoon, J. W., Ahn, H. Y., Kim, S. Y., Lee, K. H., Shin, H., Choi, S. H., Park, K. S., Jang, H. C., & Lim, S.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lim, Soo
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-11-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e27694
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3214067
- OpenAlex
- W2065997993
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Korean Diabetes Association
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
- Seoul National University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- android fat, gynoid fat, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, metabolic syndrome, regional body composition, body fat distribution, older adults, adiponectin, high-sensitivity CRP, insulin resistance
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Absorptiometry, Photon, Coronary Stenosis, Metabolic Syndrome, Subcutaneous Fat, Intra-Abdominal Fat
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
