Cited by 153Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The Epidemiology of Central Fat Distribution in Relation to Disease

Pi-Sunyer, F. Xavier·2004·Nutrition Reviews

Abstract

The effect of fat distribution on disease risk is a subject of great interest. Central fat has been measured anthropometrically, by computed tomography, and by magnetic resonance imaging. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have related central fat to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, independent of body mass index. The mechanism may relate to increased lipolysis causing the liver to increase glucose and very low density lipoprotein output, while muscle uses less. This leads to a rise in blood glucose and triglycerides, a drop in HDL cholesterol, and an increase in small, dense LDL particles. There is also an increase in blood pressure and inflammatory markers. Certain populations put on excess fat more centrally than others. These include Asian populations. It is likely that with better differentiation of abdominal fat into visceral and subcutaneous depots, clearer data will accrue on their impact on disease risk.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00081.x

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  • Increased adiposity in women produces a relatively benign form of obesity, whereas in males it is associated with higher risk for hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart disease.

    “Increased adiposity in women produces a relatively benign form of obesity, whereas in males it is associated with higher risk for hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart disease [51].”

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Authors
Pi-Sunyer, F. X.
Venue
Nutrition Reviews
Published
2004-07
Volume
62
Issue
7 Pt 2
Pages
S120-S126
ISSN
  • 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
  • 1753-4887
OpenAlex
W2170830702
Cited by
153
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
FWCI
1.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
central fat distribution, abdominal obesity, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipolysis, hepatic glucose production, VLDL, HDL cholesterol, small dense LDL, triglycerides, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, Asian populations, disease risk
MeSH terms
Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Lipid Metabolism

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