The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence
Open accessAbstract
As part of a World Health Organization-led effort to update the empirical evidence base for the leishmaniases, national experts provided leishmaniasis case data for the last 5 years and information regarding treatment and control in their respective countries and a comprehensive literature review was conducted covering publications on leishmaniasis in 98 countries and three territories (see 'Leishmaniasis Country Profiles Text S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S22, S23, S24, S25, S26, S27, S28, S29, S30, S31, S32, S33, S34, S35, S36, S37, S38, S39, S40, S41, S42, S43, S44, S45, S46, S47, S48, S49, S50, S51, S52, S53, S54, S55, S56, S57, S58, S59, S60, S61, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S67, S68, S69, S70, S71, S72, S73, S74, S75, S76, S77, S78, S79, S80, S81, S82, S83, S84, S85, S86, S87, S88, S89, S90, S91, S92, S93, S94, S95, S96, S97, S98, S99, S100, S101'). Additional information was collated during meetings conducted at WHO regional level between 2007 and 2011. Two questionnaires regarding epidemiology and drug access were completed by experts and national program managers. Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence ranges were estimated by country and epidemiological region based on reported incidence, underreporting rates if available, and the judgment of national and international experts. Based on these estimates, approximately 0.2 to 0.4 cases and 0.7 to 1.2 million VL and CL cases, respectively, occur each year. More than 90% of global VL cases occur in six countries: India, Bangladesh, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Brazil. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is more widely distributed, with about one-third of cases occurring in each of three epidemiological regions, the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, and western Asia from the Middle East to Central Asia. The ten countries with the highest estimated case counts, Afghanistan, Algeria, Colombia, Brazil, Iran, Syria, Ethiopia, North Sudan, Costa Rica and Peru, together account for 70 to 75% of global estimated CL incidence. Mortality data were extremely sparse and generally represent hospital-based deaths only. Using an overall case-fatality rate of 10%, we reach a tentative estimate of 20,000 to 40,000 leishmaniasis deaths per year. Although the information is very poor in a number of countries, this is the first in-depth exercise to better estimate the real impact of leishmaniasis. These data should help to define control strategies and reinforce leishmaniasis advocacy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mucocutaneous and visceral disease can be lethal if untreated, but most deaths are attributable to visceral leishmaniasis (103).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [103]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Depending on the species, Leishmania can cause self-healing cutaneous lesions (e.g., L. tropica, L. major, L. mexicana, and L. pifanoi), disfiguring mucocutaneous disease (e.g., L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis), or severe visceral illness (e.g., L. donovani and L. Infantum chagasi).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [103]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“we must consider the important zoonotic potential of the diseases studied, as the presence of human infections or risk of infection has already been described (5, 24, 25, 28).”
From Current Distribution of Selected Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs in Spain (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1996) · Cited by 6,884
Disease control priorities in developing countries
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-0343 · Cited by 3,636
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives
Desjeux, P. M. P. (2004) · Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2004.03.004 · Cited by 2,329 · cited 1×
“Reported leishmaniasis case figures are widely acknowledged to represent gross underestimates of the true burden, but studies that measure the degree of underreporting are rare [23].”
BackgroundBank, W. (1993) · doi:10.1596/0-1952-0890-0 · Cited by 2,213
King, C. H., Dickman, K. R., & Tisch, D. J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66457-4 · Cited by 898 · cited 1×
“The accuracy of this measure depends on the reliability of the incidence, duration, severity and mortality data for a given condition, as well as the underlying assumptions used in the calculations [7,14].”
BackgroundHealth metrics and evaluation: strengthening the science
Murray, C. J., & Frenk, J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60526-7 · Cited by 849
Hotez, P. J., Molyneux, D. H., Fenwick, A., Ottesen, E. A., Sachs, S. E., & Sachs, J. D. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030102 · Cited by 822 · cited 1×
“Although estimated to cause the ninth largest disease burden among individual infectious diseases, leishmaniasis is largely ignored in discussions of tropical disease priorities [1,2].”
BackgroundAlvar, J., Yactayo, S., & Bern, C. (2006) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2006.09.004 · Cited by 813 · cited 1×
“This consignment to critical oblivion results from its complex epidemiology and ecology, the lack of simple, easily-applied tools for case management and the paucity of current incidence data, and often results in a failure on the part of policy-makers to recognize its importance [3,4].”
BackgroundDesjeux, P. M. P. (1996) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0738-081x(96)00057-0 · Cited by 588 · cited 1×
“Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results in death if not treated, the majority of leishmaniasis deaths go unrecognized, and even with treatment access, VL may result in case-fatality rates of 10–20% [17,18,19,20,21,22].”
BackgroundLibrary, W. (2010) · Cited by 584
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- AN Maia-Elkhoury, 2007, [Analysis of visceral leishmaniasis reports by the capture-recapture method]., Rev Saude Publica, 41, 931
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 1,004
Recent developments and future prospects in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis
Sundar, S., & Singh, A. K. (2016) · Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease · doi:10.1177/2049936116646063 · Cited by 135
Quantifying the Infectiousness of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Toward Sand Flies
Mondal, D., Bern, C., Ghosh, D., Rashid, M., Molina, R., Chowdhury, R., Nath, R., Ghosh, P., Chapman, L. A. C., Alim, A., et al. (2018) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciy891 · Cited by 134
Global genome diversity of the Leishmania donovani complex
Franssen, S. U., Durrant, C., Stark, O., Moser, B. A., Downing, T., Imamura, H., Dujardin, J., Sanders, M. J., Maurício, I. L., Miles, M. A., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.51243 · Cited by 132
Challenges in drug discovery targeting TriTryp diseases with an emphasis on leishmaniasis
Alcântara, L. M., Ferreira, T. C. D. S., Gadelha, F. R., & Miguel, D. C. (2018) · International Journal for Parasitology Drugs and Drug Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.09.006 · Cited by 131
Leishmaniasis in travelers: A literature review
Mansueto, P., Seidita, A., Vitale, G., & Cascio, A. (2014) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.09.007 · Cited by 130
Moriconi, M., Rugna, G., Calzolari, M., Bellini, R., Albieri, A., Angelini, P., Cagarelli, R., Landini, M. P., Charrel, R. N., & Varani, S. (2017) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005660 · Cited by 129
Canine Leishmaniasis Control in the Context of One Health
Dantas‐Torres, F., Miró, G., Baneth, G., Bourdeau, P. J., Breitschwerdt, E. B., Capelli, G., Cardoso, L., Day, M. J., Dobler, G., Ferrer, L., et al. (2019) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2512.190164 · Cited by 129
Soeiro, M. N. C., Werbovetz, K. A., Boykin, D. W., Wilson, W. D., Wang, M. Z., & Hemphill, A. F. (2013) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182013000292 · Cited by 128
The Equivocal Role of Th17 Cells and Neutrophils on Immunopathogenesis of Leishmaniasis
Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, S. D. C., Pessoa-e-Silva, R., Trajano-Silva, L. A. M., de Goes, T. C., de Morais, R. C. S., Oliveira, C. N. D. C., de Lorena, V. M. B., & de Paiva-Cavalcanti, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01437 · Cited by 133
Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfection in the Mediterranean Region
Monge‐Maíllo, B., Norman, F., Cruz, I., Alvar, J., & López‐Vélez, R. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003021 · Cited by 126
The role of wild canids and felids in spreading parasites to dogs and cats in Europe
Otranto, D., Cantacessi, C., Pfeffer, M., Dantas‐Torres, F., Brianti, E., Deplazes, P., Genchi, C., Gubertì, V., & Capelli, G. (2015) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.022 · Cited by 126
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: A neglected disfiguring disease for women
Bilgic-Temel, A., Murrell, D. F., & Uzun, S. (2019) · International Journal of Women’s Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.01.002 · Cited by 126
da Silva, M. S., Monteiro, J. P., Nunes, V. S., Vasconcelos, E. J. R., Perez, A. M., Freitas-Junior, L. H., Elias, M. C., & Cano, M. I. N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081397 · Cited by 125
A Review of Preventative Methods against Human Leishmaniasis Infection
Stockdale, L. K., & Newton, R. (2013) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002278 · Cited by 125
Guimarães-Costa, A. B., DeSouza-Vieira, T. S., Paletta-Silva, R., Freitas-Mesquita, A. L., Meyer‐Fernandes, J. R., & Saraiva, E. M. (2014) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01232-13 · Cited by 127
Gene Expression in Leishmania Is Regulated Predominantly by Gene Dosage
Iantorno, S. A., Durrant, C., Khan, A., Sanders, M. J., Beverley, S. M., Warren, W. C., Berriman, M., Sacks, D. L., Cotton, J. A., & Grigg, M. E. (2017) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01393-17 · Cited by 128
Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent
Singh, O. P., Hasker, E. C., Boelaert, M., & Sundar, S. (2016) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30140-2 · Cited by 124
Current Visceral Leishmaniasis Research: A Research Review to Inspire Future Study
Bi, K., Chen, Y., Zhao, S., Kuang, Y., & Wu, C.-H. J. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/9872095 · Cited by 124
de Carvalho, R. A., Andrade, W. A., Lima-Junior, D. S., Dilucca, M., de Oliveira, C. V., Wang, K., Nogueira, P. M., Rugani, J. M. N., Soares, R. P., Beverley, S. M., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.047 · Cited by 122
Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfection in Latin America
Lindoso, J. Â. L., Cota, G., da Cruz, A. M., Goto, H., Maia‐Elkhoury, A. N. S., Romero, G. A. S., de Sousa-Gomes, M. L., Santos-Oliveira, J. R., & Rabello, A. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003136 · Cited by 123
Recent advances in phlebotomine sand fly research related to leishmaniasis control
Bates, P. A., Depaquit, J., Galati, E. A., Kamhawi, S., Maroli, M., McDowell, M. A., Picado, A., Ready, P. D., Salomón, O. D., Shaw, J. J., et al. (2015) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0712-x · Cited by 123
Novel Areas for Prevention and Control of Canine Leishmaniosis
Miró, G., Petersen, C. A., Cardoso, L., Bourdeau, P. J., Baneth, G., Solano‐Gallego, L., Pennisi, M. G., Ferrer, L., & Oliva, G. (2017) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2017.05.005 · Cited by 123
Dvořák, V., Halada, P., Hlavačková, K., Dokianakis, Ε., Αντωνίου, Μ., & Volf, P. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-21 · Cited by 121
An overview of azoles targeting sterol 14α-demethylase for antileishmanial therapy
Emami, S., Tavangar, P., & Keighobadi, M. (2017) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.044 · Cited by 120
The changing global distribution and prevalence of canine transmissible venereal tumour
Strakova, A., & Murchison, E. P. (2014) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0168-9 · Cited by 119
Environmental change and the dynamics of parasitic diseases in the Amazon
Confalonieri, U., Margonari, C., & Quintão, A. F. (2013) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.09.013 · Cited by 119
Applications of Nanomaterials in Leishmaniasis: A Focus on Recent Advances and Challenges
Saleem, K., Khursheed, Z., Hano, C., Anjum, I., & Anjum, S. (2019) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano9121749 · Cited by 118
Zhang, W., Karmakar, S., Gannavaram, S., Dey, R., Lypaczewski, P., Ismail, N., Siddiqui, A., Simonyan, V. V., Oliveira, F., Coutinho-Abreu, I. V., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17154-z · Cited by 118
Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: rationale and concerns related to reservoir control
Werneck, G. L. (2014) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005615 · Cited by 117
Monge‐Maíllo, B., & López‐Vélez, R. (2015) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ004 · Cited by 117
Volpedo, G., Pacheco‐Fernández, T., Holcomb, E. A., Cipriano, N., Cox, B., & Satoskar, A. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.685296 · Cited by 117
Maia, C., Conceição, C., Pereira, A. B., Rocha, R., Ortuño, M., Muñoz-Hernández, C., Jumakanova, Z., Pérez‐Cutillas, P., Özbel, Y., Töz, S. O., et al. (2023) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011497 · Cited by 122
“The frequency of cases reported by the WHO between 2004 and 2008 has already been published before [13], and cases reported between 2005 and 2008 were included in the present study to analyze the complete temporal trend available in the WHO-GHO.”
BackgroundTargeting Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Leishmania donovani: Essentiality of Sterol 14alpha-demethylase
McCall, L., Aroussi, A. E., Choi, J. Y., Vieira, D. F., Muylder, G. D., Johnston, J. B., Chen, S., Kellar, D., Siqueira-Neto, J. L., Roush, W. R., et al. (2015) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003588 · Cited by 116
Leishmania donovani Develops Resistance to Drug Combinations
García‐Hernández, R., Manzano, J. I., Castanys, S., & Gamarro, F. (2012) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001974 · Cited by 116
de Carvalho, B. M., Rangel, E. F., Ready, P. D., & Vale, M. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143282 · Cited by 127
Nanostructured delivery systems with improved leishmanicidal activity: a critical review
Bruni, N., Stella, B., Giraudo, L., Pepa, C. D., Gastaldi, D., & Dosio, F. (2017) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s140363 · Cited by 116
Repurposing as a strategy for the discovery of new anti-leishmanials: the-state-of-the-art
Charlton, R. L., Rossi‐Bergmann, B., Denny, P. W., & Steel, P. G. (2017) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182017000993 · Cited by 125
Inflammasomes in host response to protozoan parasites
Zamboni, D. S., & Lima-Junior, D. S. (2015) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12291 · Cited by 118
Pothirat, T., Tantiworawit, A., Chaiwarith, R., Jariyapan, N., Wannasan, A., Siriyasatien, P., Supparatpinyo, K., Bates, M. D., Kwakye-Nuako, G., & Bates, P. A. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003339 · Cited by 115
Laboratory Diagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current and Future Methods
Reimão, J. Q., Coser, E. M., Lee, M. R., & Coelho, A. C. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111632 · Cited by 115
Bounoua, L., Kahime, K., Houti, L., Blakey, T., Ebi, K. L., Ping Zhang, A., Imhoff, M. L., Thome, K. J., Dudek, C., Abed, S. S., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10083172 · Cited by 114
Comparison between liposomal formulations of amphotericin B
Adler‐Moore, J., Gangneux, J., & Pappas, P. G. (2016) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1093/mmy/myv111 · Cited by 113
Haplotype selection as an adaptive mechanism in the protozoan pathogen Leishmania donovani
Barja, P. P., Pescher, P., Bussotti, G., Dumetz, F., Imamura, H., Kedra, D., Domagalska, M. A., Chaumeau, V., Himmelbauer, H., Pagès, M., et al. (2017) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0361-x · Cited by 112
der Auwera, G. V., Maes, I., Doncker, S. D., Ravel, C., Cnops, L., Esbroeck, M. V., Gompel, A. V., Clerinx, J., & Dujardin, J.-C. (2013) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.30.20543 · Cited by 113
Interventions for American Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review Update
Revéiz, L., Maia‐Elkhoury, A. N. S., Nicholls, R. S., Romero, G. A. S., & Yadón, Z. E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061843 · Cited by 112
Incidence of Endemic Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the United States
McIlwee, B. E., Weis, S. E., & Hosler, G. A. (2018) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2133 · Cited by 112
Visceral leishmaniasis: Revisiting current treatments and approaches for future discoveries
No, J. H. (2015) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.12.016 · Cited by 111
Biology of Human Pathogenic Trypanosomatids: Epidemiology, Lifecycle and Ultrastructure
Rodrigues, J. C. F., Godinho, J. L. P., & de Souza, W. (2013) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7305-9_1 · Cited by 112
Cantanhêde, L. M., Júnior, C. F. D. S., Ito, M. M., Felipin, K. P., Nicolete, R., Salcêdo, J. M. V., Porrozzi, R., Cupolillo, E., & Ferreira, R. D. G. M. (2015) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004079 · Cited by 110
Fiebig, M., Kelly, S. L., & Gluenz, E. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005186 · Cited by 110
The past, present, and future of Leishmania genomics and transcriptomics
Cantacessi, C., Dantas‐Torres, F., Nolan, M. J., & Otranto, D. (2015) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2014.12.012 · Cited by 109
dos Santos, P. L., de Oliveira, F. A., Santos, M. L. B., Cunha, L. C. S., Lino, M. T. B., de Oliveira, M. F. S., Bomfim, M. O. M., Silva, Â. M., de Moura, T. R., de Jesus, A. R., et al. (2016) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004375 · Cited by 109
Leishmaniasis in Thailand: A Review of Causative Agents and Situations
Leelayoova, S., Siripattanapipong, S., Manomat, J., Piyaraj, P., Tan‐ariya, P., Bualert, L., & Mungthin, M. (2017) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0604 · Cited by 109
Leishmania survival in the macrophage: where the ends justify the means
Duque, G. A., & Descoteaux, A. (2015) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.04.007 · Cited by 116
Canine Leishmania vaccines: Still a long way to go
Gradoni, L. (2015) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.003 · Cited by 108
Bailey, F., Mondragón-Shem, K., Haines, L. R., Olabi, A., Alorfi, A., Ruiz-Postigo, J. A., Alvar, J., Hotez, P. J., Adams, E. R., Vélez, I. D., et al. (2019) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007092 · Cited by 129
One Health Approach to Leishmaniases: Understanding the Disease Dynamics through Diagnostic Tools
Hong, A., Zampieri, R. A., Shaw, J. J., Floeter‐Winter, L. M., & Laranjeira‐Silva, M. F. (2020) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens9100809 · Cited by 108
Fakiola, M., Strange, A., Cordell, H. J., Miller, E. N., Pirinen, M., Su, Z., Mishra, A., Mehrotra, S., Monteiro, G. R., Band, G., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2518 · Cited by 110
Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges
Lindoso, J. Â. L., Cunha, M. A., Queiroz, I. T., & Moreira, C. H. V. (2016) · HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care · doi:10.2147/hiv.s93789 · Cited by 107
Αντωνίου, Μ., GRAMICCIA, M., Molina, R., Dvořák, V., & Volf, P. (2013) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.30.20540 · Cited by 107
Leishmaniosis of companion animals in Europe: An update
Pennisi, M. G. (2014) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.12.023 · Cited by 106
Genetic Analysis of Leishmania donovani Tropism Using a Naturally Attenuated Cutaneous Strain
Zhang, W., Ramasamy, G., McCall, L., Haydock, A. K., Ranasinghe, S., Abeygunasekara, P., Sirimanna, G., Wickremasinghe, R., Myler, P. J., & Matlashewski, G. (2014) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004244 · Cited by 106
Different Leishmania Species Drive Distinct Neutrophil Functions
Hurrell, B. P., Regli, I. B., & Tacchini‐Cottier, F. (2016) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.02.003 · Cited by 106
Ramírez, J. D., Hernández, C., León, C. M., Ayala, M. S., Flórez, C., & González, C. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep28266 · Cited by 106
Wasunna, M. K., Njenga, S., Balasegaram, M., Alexander, N. D. E., Omollo, R., Edwards, T., Dorlo, T. P. C., Younis, B. M., Ali, M. H. S., Elamin, M. Y., et al. (2016) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004880 · Cited by 106
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica
van Henten, S., Adriaensen, W. J., Fikre, H., Akuffo, H., Diro, E., Hailu, A., der Auwera, G. V., & van Griensven, J. (2018) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.009 · Cited by 106
Daba, G. M., & Elkhateeb, W. A. (2020) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101750 · Cited by 117
de Macedo-Silva, S. T., Urbina, J. A., de Souza, W., & Rodrigues, J. C. F. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083247 · Cited by 106
de Castro, S. L., Emery, F. D. S., & Júnior, E. N. D. S. (2013) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.057 · Cited by 106
Ongoing Epidemic of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among Syrian Refugees, Lebanon1
Saroufim, M., Charafeddine, K. M., Issa, G., Khalifeh, H., Habib, R., Berry, A., Ghosn, N., Rady, A., & Khalifeh, I. M. (2014) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2010.140288 · Cited by 105
Courtenay, O., Peters, N. C., Rogers, M. E., & Bern, C. (2017) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006571 · Cited by 104
Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent
Thakur, L., Singh, K. K., Shanker, V., Negi, A. K., Jain, A., Matlashewski, G., & Jain, M. (2018) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659 · Cited by 104
Wilke, A. B. B., Beier, J. C., & Benelli, G. (2019) · Current Opinion in Insect Science · doi:10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.002 · Cited by 113
Zangger, H., Hailu, A., Desponds, C., Lye, L., Akopyants, N. S., Dobson, D. E., Ronet, C., Ghalib, H., Beverley, S. M., & Fasel, N. J. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002836 · Cited by 102
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Overview
Abuzaid, A. A., Abdoon, A. M., Aldahan, M. A., Alzahrani, A. G., Alhakeem, R. F., Asiri, A. M., Alzahrani, M. H., & Memish, Z. A. (2017) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2017.2119 · Cited by 102
Drug resistance analysis by next generation sequencing in Leishmania
Leprohon, P., Fernandez‐Prada, C., Gazanion, É., do Monte‐Neto, R. L., & Ouellette, M. (2014) · International Journal for Parasitology Drugs and Drug Resistance · doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2014.09.005 · Cited by 104
Leishmaniases diagnosis: an update on the use of immunological and molecular tools
de Paiva-Cavalcanti, M., de Morais, R. C. S., Pessoa-e-Silva, R., Trajano-Silva, L. A. M., Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, S. D. C., Tavares, D. D. H. C., de Castro, M. C. A. B., Silva, R. D. F. E., & Pereira, V. R. A. (2015) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-015-0021-2 · Cited by 101
Clinical aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infection
Jarvis, J. N., & Lockwood, D. N. J. (2012) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e32835c2198 · Cited by 101
Khalil, E. A. G., Weldegebreal, T., Younis, B. M., Omollo, R., Musa, A. M., Hailu, W., Abuzaid, A. A., Dorlo, T. P. C., Hurissa, Z., Yifru, S., et al. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002613 · Cited by 101
Lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for Leishmania infantum
Guimarães, V. C. F. V., Pružinová, K., Sádlová, J., Volfová, V., Myšková, J., Brandão-Filho, S. P., & Volf, P. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1444-2 · Cited by 101
Alvar, J., den Boer, M., & Dagne, D. A. (2021) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00392-2 · Cited by 101
Detection of Leishmania RNA Virus in Leishmania Parasites
Zangger, H., Ronet, C., Desponds, C., Kuhlmann, F., Robinson, J. I., Hartley, M., Prével, F., Castiglioni, P., Pratlong, F., Bastien, P., et al. (2013) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002006 · Cited by 101
González, C., Paz, A., & Ferro, C. (2013) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.08.014 · Cited by 100
Chagas, A. C., Oliveira, F., Debrabant, A., Valenzuela, J. G., Ribeiro, J. M. C., & Calvo, E. (2014) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003923 · Cited by 100
Rossi, M., Castiglioni, P., Hartley, M., Eren, R. O., Prével, F., Desponds, C., Utzschneider, D. T., Zehn, D., Cusi, M. G., Kuhlmann, F., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1621447114 · Cited by 100
Ahmad, A., Mubarak, N. M., Naseem, K., Tabassum, H., Rizwan, M., Najda, A., Kashif, M., Bin-Jumah, M. N., Hussain, A., Shaheen, A., et al. (2020) · Arabian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.10.019 · Cited by 102
Bayesian Geostatistical Modeling of Leishmaniasis Incidence in Brazil
Karagiannis-Voules, D.-A., Scholte, R. G. C., Guimarães, L. H., Utzinger, J., & Vounatsou, P. (2013) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002213 · Cited by 100
Developments in Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Elimination Era
Singh, O. P., & Sundar, S. (2015) · Journal of Parasitology Research · doi:10.1155/2015/239469 · Cited by 100
Rapid diagnostic tests for non-malarial febrile illness in the tropics
Chappuis, F., Alirol, E., D’Acremont, V., Bottieau, E., & Yansouni, C. P. (2013) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12154 · Cited by 97
Identification of Algerian Field-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors by MALDI-TOF MS
Lafri, I., Alméras, L., Bitam, I., Caputo, A., Yssouf, A., Forestier, C.-L., Izri, A., Raoult, D., & Parola, P. (2016) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004351 · Cited by 99
Leishmania treatment and prevention: Natural and synthesized drugs
Bekhit, A. A., El-Agroudy, E. J., Helmy, A., Ibrahim, T. M., Shavandi, A., & Bekhit, A. E. A. (2018) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.022 · Cited by 99
Leishmaniasis: Recent epidemiological studies in the Middle East
Knight, C. A., Harris, D. R., Alshammari, S. O., Gugssa, A., Young, T., & Lee, C. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1052478 · Cited by 99
“The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is situated in Southwest Asia with an estimated land space of 2,217,949 square km with different ecological and climatic patterns (Abuzaid et al., 2017, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialFrom Infection to Death: An Overview of the Pathogenesis of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Costa, C. H. N., Chang, K. P., Costa, D. L., & Cunha, F. V. M. (2023) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens12070969 · Cited by 109
Antileishmanial and cytotoxic potential of essential oils from medicinal plants in Northern Tunisia
Essid, R., Rahali, F. Z., Msaâda, K., Sghair, I., Hammami, M., Bouratbine, A., Aoun, K., & Limam, F. (2015) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.049 · Cited by 102
Review of the Clinical Presentation, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Leishmaniasis
Mathison, B. A., & Bradley, B. T. (2022) · Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/labmed/lmac134 · Cited by 98
Eco-epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
Gadisa, E., Tsegaw, T., Abera, A., Elnaiem, D.-E. A., den Boer, M., Aseffa, A., & Jorge, A. (2015) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0987-y · Cited by 97
Oliva, G., Nieto, J., Manzillo, V. F., Cappiello, S., Fiorentino, E., Muccio, T. D., Scalone, A., Moreno, J., Chicharro, C., Carrillo, E., et al. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003213 · Cited by 97
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Syria: Clinical Features, Current Status and the Effects of War
Hayani, K. M., Dandashli, A., & Weißhaar, E. (2015) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-1988 · Cited by 97
Fernandes, M. C., Dillon, L. A. L., Belew, A. T., Bravo, H. C., Mosser, D. M., & El-Sayed, N. M. (2016) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00027-16 · Cited by 104
Nanoparticles: New agents toward treatment of leishmaniasis
Nafari, A., Cheraghipour, K., Sepahvand, M., Shahrokhi, G., Gabal, E., & Mahmoudvand, H. (2020) · Parasite Epidemiology and Control · doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00156 · Cited by 97
Metadata
- Authors
- Alvar, J., Vélez, I. D., Bern, C., Herrero, M., Desjeux, P., Cano, J., Jannin, J., Boer, M. D., & the WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Alvar, Jorge
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-05-31
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e35671
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3365071
- OpenAlex
- W2107915297
- Cited by
- 5,141
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 177 · 2025: 229 · 2024: 257 · 2023: 305 · 2022: 358 · 2021: 456 · 2020: 468 · 2019: 458 · 2018: 515 · 2017: 440 · 2016: 465 · 2015: 361 · 2014: 404 · 2013: 200 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 310.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Sanofi
- Universidad de Medellín
- Pan American Health Organization
- Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Leprosy Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Keywords
- leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis incidence, country profile, leishmaniasis control, leishmaniasis treatment, access to medicines, neglected tropical diseases, case data
- MeSH terms
- Female, Geography, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Male, Time Factors, World Health Organization, Internationality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
