The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence
Open accessAbstract
As part of a World Health Organization-led effort to update the empirical evidence base for the leishmaniases, national experts provided leishmaniasis case data for the last 5 years and information regarding treatment and control in their respective countries and a comprehensive literature review was conducted covering publications on leishmaniasis in 98 countries and three territories (see 'Leishmaniasis Country Profiles Text S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S22, S23, S24, S25, S26, S27, S28, S29, S30, S31, S32, S33, S34, S35, S36, S37, S38, S39, S40, S41, S42, S43, S44, S45, S46, S47, S48, S49, S50, S51, S52, S53, S54, S55, S56, S57, S58, S59, S60, S61, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S67, S68, S69, S70, S71, S72, S73, S74, S75, S76, S77, S78, S79, S80, S81, S82, S83, S84, S85, S86, S87, S88, S89, S90, S91, S92, S93, S94, S95, S96, S97, S98, S99, S100, S101'). Additional information was collated during meetings conducted at WHO regional level between 2007 and 2011. Two questionnaires regarding epidemiology and drug access were completed by experts and national program managers. Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence ranges were estimated by country and epidemiological region based on reported incidence, underreporting rates if available, and the judgment of national and international experts. Based on these estimates, approximately 0.2 to 0.4 cases and 0.7 to 1.2 million VL and CL cases, respectively, occur each year. More than 90% of global VL cases occur in six countries: India, Bangladesh, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Brazil. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is more widely distributed, with about one-third of cases occurring in each of three epidemiological regions, the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, and western Asia from the Middle East to Central Asia. The ten countries with the highest estimated case counts, Afghanistan, Algeria, Colombia, Brazil, Iran, Syria, Ethiopia, North Sudan, Costa Rica and Peru, together account for 70 to 75% of global estimated CL incidence. Mortality data were extremely sparse and generally represent hospital-based deaths only. Using an overall case-fatality rate of 10%, we reach a tentative estimate of 20,000 to 40,000 leishmaniasis deaths per year. Although the information is very poor in a number of countries, this is the first in-depth exercise to better estimate the real impact of leishmaniasis. These data should help to define control strategies and reinforce leishmaniasis advocacy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mucocutaneous and visceral disease can be lethal if untreated, but most deaths are attributable to visceral leishmaniasis (103).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [103]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Depending on the species, Leishmania can cause self-healing cutaneous lesions (e.g., L. tropica, L. major, L. mexicana, and L. pifanoi), disfiguring mucocutaneous disease (e.g., L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis), or severe visceral illness (e.g., L. donovani and L. Infantum chagasi).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [103]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“we must consider the important zoonotic potential of the diseases studied, as the presence of human infections or risk of infection has already been described (5, 24, 25, 28).”
From Current Distribution of Selected Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs in Spain (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1996) · Cited by 6,884
Disease control priorities in developing countries
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-0343 · Cited by 3,636
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives
Desjeux, P. M. P. (2004) · Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2004.03.004 · Cited by 2,329 · cited 1×
“Reported leishmaniasis case figures are widely acknowledged to represent gross underestimates of the true burden, but studies that measure the degree of underreporting are rare [23].”
BackgroundBank, W. (1993) · doi:10.1596/0-1952-0890-0 · Cited by 2,213
King, C. H., Dickman, K. R., & Tisch, D. J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66457-4 · Cited by 898 · cited 1×
“The accuracy of this measure depends on the reliability of the incidence, duration, severity and mortality data for a given condition, as well as the underlying assumptions used in the calculations [7,14].”
BackgroundHealth metrics and evaluation: strengthening the science
Murray, C. J., & Frenk, J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60526-7 · Cited by 849
Hotez, P. J., Molyneux, D. H., Fenwick, A., Ottesen, E. A., Sachs, S. E., & Sachs, J. D. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030102 · Cited by 822 · cited 1×
“Although estimated to cause the ninth largest disease burden among individual infectious diseases, leishmaniasis is largely ignored in discussions of tropical disease priorities [1,2].”
BackgroundAlvar, J., Yactayo, S., & Bern, C. (2006) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2006.09.004 · Cited by 813 · cited 1×
“This consignment to critical oblivion results from its complex epidemiology and ecology, the lack of simple, easily-applied tools for case management and the paucity of current incidence data, and often results in a failure on the part of policy-makers to recognize its importance [3,4].”
BackgroundDesjeux, P. M. P. (1996) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0738-081x(96)00057-0 · Cited by 588 · cited 1×
“Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results in death if not treated, the majority of leishmaniasis deaths go unrecognized, and even with treatment access, VL may result in case-fatality rates of 10–20% [17,18,19,20,21,22].”
BackgroundLibrary, W. (2010) · Cited by 584
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- AN Maia-Elkhoury, 2007, [Analysis of visceral leishmaniasis reports by the capture-recapture method]., Rev Saude Publica, 41, 931
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases
Arango Duque, G., & Descoteaux, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00491 · Cited by 2,708
“Mucocutaneous and visceral disease can be lethal if untreated, but most deaths are attributable to visceral leishmaniasis (103).”
BackgroundBurza, S., Croft, S. L., & Boelaert, M. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31204-2 · Cited by 1,928
Akhoundi, M., Kuhls, K., Cannet, A., Votýpka, J., Marty, P., Delaunay, P., & Séréno, D. (2016) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004349 · Cited by 1,017
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Immune responses in protection and pathogenesis
Scott, P., & Novais, F. O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.72 · Cited by 591
Steverding, D. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2028-5 · Cited by 502
Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis
Ready, P. D. (2014) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s44267 · Cited by 478
The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon?
Savio, L. E. B., de Andrade Mello, P., da Silva, C. G., & Coutinho-Silva, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00052 · Cited by 437
Leishmania infections: Molecular targets and diagnosis
Akhoundi, M., Downing, T., Votýpka, J., Kuhls, K., Lukeš, J., Cannet, A., Ravel, C., Marty, P., Delaunay, P., Kasbari, M., et al. (2017) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.012 · Cited by 365
Kaempferol: Antimicrobial Properties, Sources, Clinical, and Traditional Applications
Periferakis, A., Periferakis, K., Bădărău, I. A., Petran, M. E., Popa, D. C., Căruntu, A., Costache, R. S., Scheau, C., Căruntu, C., & Costache, D. O. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232315054 · Cited by 385
Neglected Tropical Diseases: Epidemiology and Global Burden
Mitra, A. K., & Mawson, A. R. (2017) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed2030036 · Cited by 357
Recent Developments in Drug Discovery for Leishmaniasis and Human African Trypanosomiasis
Nagle, A. S., Khare, S., Kumar, A. B., Supek, F., Buchynskyy, A., Mathison, C. J. N., Chennamaneni, N. K., Pendem, N., C, F. S. B. A., Gelb, M. H., et al. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500365f · Cited by 352
Oxindole: A chemical prism carrying plethora of therapeutic benefits
Kaur, M., Singh, M., Chadha, N., & Silakari, O. (2016) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.011 · Cited by 350
Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals
van Griensven, J., Carrillo, E., López‐Vélez, R., Lynen, L., & Moreno, J. (2014) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12556 · Cited by 347
Social and Economic Burden of Human Leishmaniasis
Okwor, I., & Uzonna, J. E. (2016) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0408 · Cited by 329
An update on pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis
Sundar, S., & Chakravarty, J. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.973850 · Cited by 325
Transmission and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Protozoal Diseases of Companion Animals
Esch, K. J., & Petersen, C. A. (2013) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00067-12 · Cited by 322
Wang, M., Firrman, J., Liu, L., & Yam, K. L. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/7010467 · Cited by 335
Rijal, S., Ostyn, B., Uranw, S. K., Rai, K., Bhattarai, N. R., Dorlo, T. P. C., Beijnen, J. H., Vanaerschot, M., Decuypere, S., Dhakal, S. S., et al. (2013) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cit102 · Cited by 320
Resveratrol: A miraculous natural compound for diseases treatment
Koushki, M., Dashatan, N. A., Ahmadi, N., Abbaszadeh, H., & Rezaei–Tavirani, M. (2018) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.855 · Cited by 319
Wild and synanthropic reservoirs of Leishmania species in the Americas
Roque, A. L. R., & Jansen, A. M. (2014) · International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife · doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.08.004 · Cited by 302
Global distribution maps of the leishmaniases
Pigott, D. M., Bhatt, S., Golding, N., Duda, K. A., Battle, K. E., Brady, O. J., Messina, J. P., Balard, Y., Bastien, P., Pratlong, F., et al. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.02851 · Cited by 281
Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy
Sundar, S., & Chakravarty, J. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.755515 · Cited by 263
Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis: present challenges
Uliana, S. R. B., Trinconi, C. T., & Coelho, A. C. (2017) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182016002523 · Cited by 262
Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection
Rodrigues, V., Cordeiro‐da‐Silva, A., Laforge, M., Silvestre, R., & Estaquier, J. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1412-x · Cited by 253
Antileishmanial Activity of Dimeric Flavonoids Isolated from Arrabidaea brachypoda
Rocha, V. P. C., da Rocha, C. Q., Queiroz, E. F., Marcourt, L., Vilegas, W., Grimaldi, G., Furrer, P., Allémann, É., Wolfender, J., & Soares, M. B. P. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24010001 · Cited by 247
Alten, B., Maia, C., Afonso, M. O. A. M. C., Campino, L., Jiménez, M., González, E., Molina, R., Bañuls, A., Prudhomme, J., Vergnes, B., et al. (2016) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004458 · Cited by 234
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review
Aoun, K., & Bouratbine, A. (2014) · Parasite · doi:10.1051/parasite/2014014 · Cited by 232
Deribe, K., Meribo, K., Gebre, T., Hailu, A., Ali, A. A. M., Aseffa, A., & Davey, G. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-240 · Cited by 229
Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a review
Maspi, N., Abdoli, A., & Ghaffarifar, F. (2016) · Pathogens and Global Health · doi:10.1080/20477724.2016.1232042 · Cited by 230
Real-time PCR applications for diagnosis of leishmaniasis
Galluzzi, L., Ceccarelli, M., Diotallevi, A., Menotta, M., & Magnani, M. (2018) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2859-8 · Cited by 217
Recent Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis Treatments: Successes, Pitfalls, and Perspectives
Alves, F. P., Bilbe, G., Blesson, S., Goyal, V., Monnerat, S., Mowbray, C. E., Ouattara, G. M., Pécoul, B., Rijal, S., Rode, J., et al. (2018) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00048-18 · Cited by 214
Natural product based leads to fight against leishmaniasis
Singh, N. K., Mishra, B. B., Bajpai, S., Singh, R. K., & Tiwari, V. K. (2013) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.048 · Cited by 207
Possibilities and challenges for developing a successful vaccine for leishmaniasis
Srivastava, S., Shankar, P., Mishra, J., & Singh, S. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1553-y · Cited by 201
Otranto, D., Dantas‐Torres, F., Mihalca, A. D., Traub, R. J., Lappin, M. R., & Baneth, G. (2017) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2017.05.013 · Cited by 215
How to master the host immune system?Leishmaniaparasites have the solutions!
Rossi, M., & Fasel, N. J. (2017) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxx075 · Cited by 214
Asymptomatic Leishmania Infection: A New Challenge for Leishmania Control
Singh, O. P., Hasker, E. C., Sacks, D. L., Boelaert, M., & Sundar, S. (2014) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciu102 · Cited by 201
Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis
Heras-Mosteiro, J., Monge‐Maíllo, B., Pinart, M., López, P., Revéiz, L., García-Carrasco, E., Cuadrado, P. C., Royuela, A., Roman, I. M., & López‐Vélez, R. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005067.pub5 · Cited by 200
The prevention of canine leishmaniasis and its impact on public health
Otranto, D., & Dantas‐Torres, F. (2013) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2013.05.003 · Cited by 199
Elmahallawy, E. K., Sampedro, A., Rodríguez‐Granger, J., Hoyos-Mallecot, Y., Agil, A., Navarro‐Marí, J. M., & Fernández, J. G. (2014) · The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · doi:10.3855/jidc.4310 · Cited by 199
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Handler, M. Z., Patel, P. A., Kapila, R., Al‐Qubati, Y., & Schwartz, R. A. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.09.014 · Cited by 199
Leishmaniasis drug discovery: recent progress and challenges in assay development
Zulfiqar, B., Shelper, T., & Avery, V. M. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2017.06.004 · Cited by 196
Determinants for the Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis Disease
McCall, L., Zhang, W., & Matlashewski, G. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003053 · Cited by 196
CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Leishmania donovani
Zhang, W., & Matlashewski, G. (2015) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00861-15 · Cited by 205
Singh, O. P., Singh, B., Chakravarty, J., & Sundar, S. (2016) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0112-2 · Cited by 193
Motility and more: the flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei
Langousis, G., & Hill, K. L. (2014) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3274 · Cited by 205
Leishmaniasis revisited: Current aspects on epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment
Georgiadou, S. P., Makaritsis, K. P., & Dalekos, G. N. (2015) · Journal of Translational Internal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jtim-2015-0002 · Cited by 191
Leishmaniasis in the Middle East: Incidence and Epidemiology
Salam, N., Al-Shaqha, W. M., & Azzi, A. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003208 · Cited by 188
Recent updates and perspectives on leishmaniasis
Savoia, D. (2015) · The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · doi:10.3855/jidc.6833 · Cited by 187
Canine Leishmaniasis: An Overview of the Current Status and Strategies for Control
Ribeiro, R. R., Michalick, M. S. M., da Silva, M. E., Santos, C. C., Frézard, F., & da Silva, S. M. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/3296893 · Cited by 187
Integrated Control and Management of Neglected Tropical Skin Diseases
Mitjà, O., Marks, M., Bertran, L., Kollie, K., Argaw, D., Fahal, A. H., Fitzpatrick, C., Fuller, L. C., Garcia Izquierdo, B., Hay, R., et al. (2017) · PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005136 · Cited by 183
Species Typing in Dermal Leishmaniasis
der Auwera, G. V., & Dujardin, J. (2015) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00104-14 · Cited by 193
Dai, J., Dan, W., Schneider, U., & Wang, J. (2018) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.027 · Cited by 181
Cunningham, J. A., Hasker, E. C., Das, P. K., Safi, S. E., Goto, H., Mondal, D., Mbuchi, M., Mukhtar, M. M., Rabello, A., Rijal, S., et al. (2012) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cis716 · Cited by 176
Bailey, F., Mondragón-Shem, K., Hotez, P. J., Ruiz-Postigo, J. A., Al-Salem, W. S., Acosta-Serrano, Á., & Molyneux, D. H. (2017) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005739 · Cited by 181
Thakur, S., Joshi, J., & Kaur, S. (2020) · Journal of Parasitic Diseases · doi:10.1007/s12639-020-01212-w · Cited by 176
Evolutionary genomics of epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent
Imamura, H., Downing, T., den Broeck, F. V., Sanders, M. J., Rijal, S., Sundar, S., Mannaert, A., Vanaerschot, M., Berg, M., Muylder, G. D., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.12613 · Cited by 181
ANIMAL MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF LEISHMANIASIS IMMUNOLOGY
Loría‐Cervera, E. N., & Andrade-Narvaez, F. J. (2014) · Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo · doi:10.1590/s0036-46652014000100001 · Cited by 173
Rapid tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients with suspected disease
Boelaert, M., Verdonck, K., Menten, J., Sunyoto, T., van Griensven, J., Chappuis, F., & Rijal, S. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009135.pub2 · Cited by 174
Rogers, M. B., Downing, T., Smith, B. A., Imamura, H., Sanders, M. J., Svobodová, M., Volf, P., Berriman, M., Cotton, J. A., & Smith, D. F. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004092 · Cited by 167
Vaccines to prevent leishmaniasis
Kumar, R., & Engwerda, C. R. (2014) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1038/cti.2014.4 · Cited by 166
Antileishmanial drug discovery: comprehensive review of the last 10 years
Sangshetti, J. N., Khan, F. A. K., Kulkarni, A. A., Arote, R. B., & Patil, R. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra02669e · Cited by 166
Linares, C., Díaz, J., Negev, M., Martínez, G. S., DeBono, R., & Paz, S. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.109107 · Cited by 180
Cytosolic Recognition of Microbes and Pathogens: Inflammasomes in Action
Hayward, J. A., Mathur, A., Ngo, C., & Man, S. M. (2018) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00015-18 · Cited by 168
Coler, R. N., Duthie, M. S., Hofmeyer, K. A., Guderian, J., Jayashankar, L., Vergara, J., Rolf, T., Misquith, A., Laurance, J. D., Raman, V. S., et al. (2015) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1038/cti.2015.6 · Cited by 163
Why miltefosine—a life-saving drug for leishmaniasis—is unavailable to people who need it the most
Sunyoto, T., Potet, J., & Boelaert, M. (2018) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000709 · Cited by 164
Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfection in East Africa
Diro, E., Lynen, L., Ritmeijer, K., Boelaert, M., Hailu, A., & van Griensven, J. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002869 · Cited by 161
Liposomal amphotericin B as a treatment for human leishmaniasis
Balasegaram, M., Ritmeijer, K., Lima, M. A., Burza, S., Genovese, G. O., Milani, B., Gaspani, S., Potet, J., & Chappuis, F. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1517/14728214.2012.748036 · Cited by 160
Chemotherapeutics of visceral leishmaniasis: present and future developments
Sundar, S., & Singh, A. K. (2017) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182017002116 · Cited by 160
Martins‐Melo, F. R., Lima, M. D. S., Ramos, A. N., Alencar, C. H., & Heukelbach, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093770 · Cited by 159
Töz, S. O., Çulha, G., Zeyrek, F. Y., Ertabaklar, H., Alkan, M., Vardarli, A. T., Gündüz, C., & Özbel, Y. (2013) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002205 · Cited by 159
The Versatility in the Applications of Dithiocarbamates
Ajiboye, T. O., Ajiboye, T. T., Marzouki, R., & Onwudiwe, D. C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031317 · Cited by 159
Osman, M., Mistry, A., Keding, A., Gabe, R., Cook, L., Forrester, S. J., Wiggins, R. C., Marco, S. D., Colloca, S., Siani, L., et al. (2017) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005527 · Cited by 165
dos Santos, J. C., de Figueiredo, A. M. B., Silva, M. V. T., Cirovic, B., de Bree, L. C. J., Damen, M. S. M. A., Moorlag, S. J. C. F. M., Gomes, R. S., Helsen, M. M. A., Oosting, M., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.004 · Cited by 160
Leishmania RNA virus: when the host pays the toll
Hartley, M., Ronet, C., Zangger, H., Beverley, S. M., & Fasel, N. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00099 · Cited by 153
Best Practices for Preventing Vector-Borne Diseases in Dogs and Humans
Dantas‐Torres, F., & Otranto, D. (2015) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2015.09.004 · Cited by 151
Karimkhani, C., Wanga, V., Coffeng, L. E., Naghavi, P., Dellavalle, R. P., & Naghavi, M. (2016) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00003-7 · Cited by 151
de Ruiter, C. M., van der Veer, C., Leeflang, M., Deborggraeve, S., Lucas, C., & Adams, E. R. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00372-14 · Cited by 155
Nzelu, C. O., Kato, H., & Peters, N. C. (2019) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007698 · Cited by 149
Ghatee, M. A., Taylor, W. R. J., & Karamian, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00011 · Cited by 149
Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Refugee Crises in the Middle East and North Africa
Du, R. Y., Hotez, P. J., Al-Salem, W. S., & Acosta-Serrano, Á. (2016) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004545 · Cited by 148
Human leishmaniasis in Brazil: A general review
Anversa, L., Tiburcio, M. G. S., Richini‐Pereira, V. B., & Ramírez, L. E. N. (2018) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.64.03.281 · Cited by 147
Belo, V. S., Werneck, G. L., Barbosa, D. S., Simões, T. C., Nascimento, B. W. L., da Silva, E. S., & Struchiner, C. J. (2013) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002182 · Cited by 149
Leštinová, T., Rohoušová, I., Šíma, M., de Oliveira, C. I., & Volf, P. (2017) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005600 · Cited by 146
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 is a drug target for visceral leishmaniasis
Wyllie, S., Thomas, M. G., Patterson, S., Crouch, S., Rycker, M. D., Lowe, R., Gresham, S., Urbaniak, M. D., Otto, T. D., Stojanovski, L., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0356-z · Cited by 146
An Overview on the Therapeutics of Neglected Infectious Diseases—Leishmaniasis and Chagas Diseases
Brindha, J., Balamurali, M. M., & Chanda, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.622286 · Cited by 148
A comprehensive review of chalcone derivatives as antileishmanial agents
Palmeira-Mello, M. V., Abrahim-Vieira, B. D. A., Domingos, T. F. S., de Jesus, J. B., de Sousa, A. C. C., Rodrigues, C. R., & de Souza, A. M. T. (2018) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.047 · Cited by 145
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Handler, M. Z., Patel, P. A., Kapila, R., Al‐Qubati, Y., & Schwartz, R. A. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.051 · Cited by 145
Study of Leishmania pathogenesis in mice: experimental considerations
Loeuillet, C., Bañuls, A., & Hidé, M. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1413-9 · Cited by 144
Plasticity of the Leishmania genome leading to gene copy number variations and drug resistance
Laffitte, M.-C. N., Leprohon, P., Papadopoulou, B., & Ouellette, M. (2016) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.9218.1 · Cited by 140
Valero, N. N. H., & Uriarte, M. (2020) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06575-5 · Cited by 162
Revisiting leishmaniasis in the time of war: the Syrian conflict and the Lebanese outbreak
Alawieh, A. M., Musharrafieh, U. M., Jaber, A., Berry, A., Ghosn, N., & Bizri, A. R. (2014) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.04.023 · Cited by 138
Al-Salem, W. S., Herricks, J. R., & Hotez, P. J. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7 · Cited by 138
Eliminating visceral leishmaniasis in South Asia: the road ahead
Rijal, S., Sundar, S., Mondal, D., Das, P. K., Alvar, J., & Boelaert, M. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k5224 · Cited by 132
Immune Regulation during Chronic Visceral Leishmaniasis
Faleiro, R. J., Kumar, R., Hafner, L. M., & Engwerda, C. R. (2014) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002914 · Cited by 141
Leishmania promastigotes: building a safe niche within macrophages
Moradin, N., & Descoteaux, A. (2012) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00121 · Cited by 157
Leishmaniose visceral no Brasil
Marcondes, M., & Rossi, C. N. (2014) · Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science · doi:10.11606/issn.2318-3659.v50i5p341-352 · Cited by 136
Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls
Barbi, E., Marzuillo, P., Neri, E., Naviglio, S., & KRAUSS, B. S. (2017) · Children · doi:10.3390/children4090081 · Cited by 136
Visceral leishmaniasis: a global overview
Wamai, R. G., Kahn, J., McGloin, J. M., & Ziaggi, G. (2020) · Journal of Global Health Science · doi:10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e3 · Cited by 145
Adaui, V., Lye, L., Akopyants, N. S., Zimic, M., Llanos‐Cuentas, A., García, L., Maes, I., Doncker, S. D., Dobson, D. E., Arévalo, J., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv354 · Cited by 135
Monge‐Maíllo, B., & López‐Vélez, R. (2013) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0132-1 · Cited by 135
Metadata
- Authors
- Alvar, J., Vélez, I. D., Bern, C., Herrero, M., Desjeux, P., Cano, J., Jannin, J., Boer, M. D., & the WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Alvar, Jorge
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-05-31
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e35671
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3365071
- OpenAlex
- W2107915297
- Cited by
- 5,141
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 177 · 2025: 229 · 2024: 257 · 2023: 305 · 2022: 358 · 2021: 456 · 2020: 468 · 2019: 458 · 2018: 515 · 2017: 440 · 2016: 465 · 2015: 361 · 2014: 404 · 2013: 200 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 310.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Sanofi
- Universidad de Medellín
- Pan American Health Organization
- Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Leprosy Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Keywords
- leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis incidence, country profile, leishmaniasis control, leishmaniasis treatment, access to medicines, neglected tropical diseases, case data
- MeSH terms
- Female, Geography, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Male, Time Factors, World Health Organization, Internationality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
