Cited by 198Antimicrobial agents and applicationsEssential Oils and Antimicrobial ActivityBacterial biofilms and quorum sensing

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Glycerol monolaurate antibacterial activity in broth and biofilm cultures.

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Schlievert, Patrick M., Peterson, Marnie L.·2012·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0040350PMC PMC3394780

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is an antimicrobial agent that has potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. This study examines GML antibacterial activity in comparison to lauric acid, in broth cultures compared to biofilm cultures, and against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, and non-gram staining bacteria. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: GML is ≥ 200 times more effective than lauric acid in bactericidal activity, defined as a ≥ 3 log reduction in colony-forming units (CFU)/ml, against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in broth cultures. Both molecules inhibit superantigen production by these organisms at concentrations that are not bactericidal. GML prevents biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, as representative gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, tested in 96 well microtiter plates, and simultaneously is bactericidal for both organisms in mature biofilms. GML is bactericidal for a wide range of potential bacterial pathogens, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. In the presence of acidic pH and the cation chelator ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, GML has greatly enhanced bactericidal activity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Solubilization of GML in a nonaqueous delivery vehicle (related to K-Y Warming®) enhances its bactericidal activity against S. aureus. Both R and S, and 1 and 2 position lauric acid derivatives of GML exhibit bactericidal activity. Despite year-long passage of Staphylococcus aureus on sub-growth inhibitory concentrations of GML (0.5 x minimum bactericidal concentration), resistance to GML did not develop. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: GML may be useful as a broad-spectrum human or animal topical microbicide and may be useful as an environmental surface microbicide for management of bacterial infections and contamination.

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Additional file 1 of Novel synergistic interactions between monolaurin, a mono-acyl glycerol and β lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study
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Additional file 3 of Novel synergistic interactions between monolaurin, a mono-acyl glycerol and β lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study
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Additional file 2 of Novel synergistic interactions between monolaurin, a mono-acyl glycerol and β lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study
Ghany, S. S. H. A. E., Ibrahem, R. A., EL-Gendy, A. O., El-Baky, R. M. A., Mustafa, A., & Azmy, A. F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26703304
Additional file 6 of Novel synergistic interactions between monolaurin, a mono-acyl glycerol and β lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study
Ghany, S. S. H. A. E., Ibrahem, R. A., EL-Gendy, A. O., El-Baky, R. M. A., Mustafa, A., & Azmy, A. F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26703316
Additional file 5 of Novel synergistic interactions between monolaurin, a mono-acyl glycerol and β lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study
Ghany, S. S. H. A. E., Ibrahem, R. A., EL-Gendy, A. O., El-Baky, R. M. A., Mustafa, A., & Azmy, A. F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26703313
Additional file 4 of Novel synergistic interactions between monolaurin, a mono-acyl glycerol and β lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study
Ghany, S. S. H. A. E., Ibrahem, R. A., EL-Gendy, A. O., El-Baky, R. M. A., Mustafa, A., & Azmy, A. F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26703310
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FAs and their metabolites as antibacterial agents: mechanisms, food applications, and translational opportunities
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Authors: Schlievert, P. M., & Peterson, M. L.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author: Schlievert, Patrick M.
ORCID: Schlievert, Patrick M.
Peterson, Marnie L.
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2012-07-11
Volume: 7
Issue: 7
Pages: e40350
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040350
PMC: PMC3394780
OpenAlex: W2035186660
Cited by: 198
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5
FWCI: 2.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U54 AI 57153, R01AI073366, R01 AI73366, U54AI057153, R01AI074283)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antimicrobial agents and applications
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Keywords: glycerol monolaurate, lauric acid, antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, bactericidal activity, microbicides, topical antimicrobial agents, surface disinfectants, antimicrobial resistance
MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Glycerol, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Laurates, Lauric Acids, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Community-Acquired Infections, Superantigens, Biofilms, Monoglycerides

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Glycerol monolaurate antibacterial activity in broth and biofilm cultures.

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