Cited by 228Coral and Marine Ecosystems StudiesMarine Biology and Ecology ResearchMarine Ecology and Invasive Species

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The Diversity and Biogeography of Western Indian Ocean Reef-Building Corals

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Obura, David·2012·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045013PMC PMC3446983

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Abstract

This study assesses the biogeographic classification of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) on the basis of the species diversity and distribution of reef-building corals. Twenty one locations were sampled between 2002 and 2011. Presence/absence of scleractinian corals was noted on SCUBA, with the aid of underwater digital photographs and reference publications for species identification. Sampling effort varied from 7 to 37 samples per location, with 15 to 45 minutes per dive allocated to species observations, depending on the logistics on each trip. Species presence/absence was analyzed using the Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient, followed by cluster analysis and multi-dimensional scaling. Total (asymptotic) species number per location was estimated using the Michaelis-Menten equation. Three hundred and sixty nine coral species were named with stable identifications and used for analysis. At the location level, estimated maximum species richness ranged from 297 (Nacala, Mozambique) to 174 (Farquhar, Seychelles). Locations in the northern Mozambique Channel had the highest diversity and similarity, forming a core region defined by its unique oceanography of variable meso-scale eddies that confer high connectivity within this region. A distinction between mainland and island fauna was not found; instead, diversity decreased radially from the northern Mozambique Channel. The Chagos archipelago was closely related to the northern Mozambique Channel region, and analysis of hard coral data in the IUCN Red List found Chagos to be more closely related to the WIO than to the Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. Diversity patterns were consistent with primary oceanographic drivers in the WIO, reflecting inflow of the South Equatorial Current, maintenance of high diversity in the northern Mozambique Channel, and export from this central region to the north and south, and to the Seychelles and Mascarene islands.

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Authors: Obura, D.
Affiliations: Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (KE)
Corresponding author: Obura, David
ORCID: Obura, David
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2012-09-19
Volume: 7
Issue: 9
Pages: e45013
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045013
PMC: PMC3446983
OpenAlex: W1996588356
Cited by: 228
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 10.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Greater South Information System
Funders: National Geographic Society
Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
Keywords: reef-building corals, scleractinian corals, coral species diversity, biogeography, Western Indian Ocean, Mozambique Channel, Chagos Archipelago, oceanographic drivers, South Equatorial Current
MeSH terms: Animals, Data Collection, Species Specificity, Water Movements, Cluster Analysis, Indian Ocean, Anthozoa, Biodiversity, Coral Reefs, Phylogeography

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The Diversity and Biogeography of Western Indian Ocean Reef-Building Corals

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