An obligate role of oxytocin neurons in diet induced energy expenditure

Cited by (181)

Items 101–181 of 181

  1. Activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons reduces binge-like alcohol drinking through signaling at central oxytocin receptors
    Courtney E. King, William C. Griffin, Marcelo F. Lopez, Howard C. Becker · 2021 · Neuropsychopharmacology
  2. The relationship between oxytocin, dietary intake and feeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in mice and rats
    Janelle A. Skinner, Erin J. Campbell, Christopher V. Dayas, Manohar L. Garg, Tracy L. Burrows · 2018 · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
  3. The New Frontier in Oxytocin Physiology: The Oxytonic Contraction
    Claudia Camerino · 2020 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  4. Oxytocin - An Emerging Treatment for Obesity and Dysglycemia: Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies
    Elena I. Barengolts · 2016 · Endocrine Practice
  5. Oxytocin induces the formation of distinctive cortical representations and cognitions biased toward familiar mice
    David Wolf, Renée Hartig, Yi Zhuo, Max F. Scheller, Mirko Articus, Marcel Moor, Valery Grinevich, Christiane Linster, Eleonora Russo, Wolfgang Weber‐Fahr et al. · 2024 · Nature Communications
  6. Effect of Oxytocin on Hunger Discrimination
    Mitchell A. Head, David C. Jewett, Sarah N. Gartner, Anica Klockars, Allen S. Levine, Pawel K. Olszewski · 2019 · Frontiers in Endocrinology
  7. Autism‐relevant behaviors are minimally impacted by conditional deletion of <i>Pten</i> in oxytocinergic neurons
    Clipperton‐Allen, Amy E., Chen, Youjun, Page, Damon T. · 2016 · Autism Research
  8. Maternal Brain Adaptations in Pregnancy
    Paula J. Brunton, John A. Russell · 2014 · Elsevier eBooks
  9. Cellular and Circuitry Bases of Autism: Lessons Learned from the Temporospatial Manipulation of Autism Genes in the Brain
    Samuel W. Hulbert, Yong‐hui Jiang · 2017 · Neuroscience Bulletin
  10. LMO4 Is Essential for Paraventricular Hypothalamic Neuronal Activity and Calcium Channel Expression to Prevent Hyperphagia
    Tariq Zaman, Xun Clare Zhou, Nihar R. Pandey, Zhaohong Qin, Kianoosh Keyhanian, Kendall Wen, Ryan D. Courtney, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Hsiao‐Huei Chen · 2013 · Journal of Neuroscience
  11. Complexity of the Hypothalamic Oxytocin System and its Involvement in Brain Functions and Diseases
    Xiao Cui, Lei Xiao · 2025 · Neuroscience Bulletin
  12. Oxytocin as a potential pharmacological tool to combat obesity
    Pawel K. Olszewski, Emily E. Noble, Luis Paiva, Yoichi Ueta, James Ernest Blevins · 2022 · Journal of Neuroendocrinology
  13. Selective vulnerability of parvocellular oxytocin neurons in social dysfunction
    Masafumi Tsurutani, Teppei Goto, Mitsue Hagihara, Satsuki Irie, Kazunari Miyamichi · 2024 · Nature Communications
  14. Efficiency of cell-type specific and generic promoters in transducing oxytocin neurons and monitoring their neural activity during lactation
    Keerthi Thirtamara Rajamani, Amanda B. Leithead, Michelle Kim, Marie Barbier, Michael Peruggia, Kristi Niblo, Lara Barteczko, Arthur Lefèvre, Valery Grinevich, Hala Harony‐Nicolas · 2021 · Scientific Reports
  15. Early Life Stress, Brain Development, and Obesity Risk: Is Oxytocin the Missing Link?
    Georgia Colleluori, Chiara Galli, Ilenia Severi, Jessica Perugini, Antonio Giordano · 2022 · Cells
  16. Oxytocin signaling in the ventral tegmental area mediates social isolation-induced craving for social interaction
    Hsin-Tzu Chang, Kuan‐Hsiang Cheng, Yu-Chieh Hung, Kuei‐Sen Hsu · 2025 · Journal of Biomedical Science
  17. Melanocortin MC4 receptor-mediated feeding and grooming in rodents
    Joram D. Mul, Berry M. Spruijt, Jan H. Brakkee, Roger A.H. Adan · 2013 · European Journal of Pharmacology
  18. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 8-week intranasal oxytocin administration in adults with obesity: Rationale, study design, and methods
    Marie‐Louis Wronski, Franziska Plessow, Liya Kerem, Elisa Asanza, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Fatima Cody Stanford, Miriam A. Bredella, Martin Torriani, Alexander A. Soukas, Arvin Kheterpal et al. · 2022 · Contemporary Clinical Trials
  19. Oxytocin: A Potential Therapeutic for Obesity
    Soo Min Hong, Jeong-Kyung Ko, Jung‐Joon Moon, Youl‐Ri Kim · 2021 · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
  20. Changes in Serum Oxytocin Levels under Physiological and Supraphysiological Gonadal Steroid Hormone Conditions in Women of Reproductive Age: A Preliminary Study
    Ayaka Tachibana, Yuri Yamamoto, Hiroki Noguchi, Asuka Takeda, Kou Tamura, Hidenori Aoki, Saki Minato, Maimi Uchishiba, Shota Yamamoto, Shuhei Kamada et al. · 2022 · Nutrients
  21. Oxytocin signaling regulates maternally directed behavior during early life
    Daniel D. Zelmanoff, Rebecca Bornstein, Menachem Kaufman, Julien Dine, Jonas Wietek, Anna Litvin, Shaked Abraham, Savanna Cohen, Ayelet Atzmon, Ido Porat et al. · 2025 · Science
  22. Oxytocin modulates respiratory heart rate variability through a hypothalamus–brainstem–heart neuronal pathway
    Julie Buron, Ambre Linossier, Christian Gestreau, Fabienne Schaller, Roman Tyzio, Marie‐Solenne Félix, Valery A. Matarazzo, Muriel Thoby‐Brisson, Françoise Muscatelli, Clément Menuet · 2025 · Nature Neuroscience
  23. Modulation of the thermosensory system by oxytocin
    Ugo Zayan, Laura Caccialupi Da Prato, Françoise Muscatelli, Valery A. Matarazzo · 2023 · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
  24. Energy Homeostasis: Paraventricular Nucleus System☆
    Elena Timofeeva, Alexandre Caron, Denis Richard · 2016 · Elsevier eBooks
  25. MicroRNAs in the hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis
    Syeda Sadia Najam, Bartosz Zglinicki, Ilya A. Vinnikov, Witold Konopka · 2018 · Cell and Tissue Research
  26. The hypothalamus to brainstem circuit suppresses late-onset body weight gain
    Yuko Maejima, Shigeki Kato, Shoichiro Horita, Yoichi Ueta, Seiichi Takenoshita, Kazuto Kobayashi, Kenju Shimomura · 2019 · Scientific Reports
  27. Systemic Co-Administration of Low-Dose Oxytocin and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Additively Decreases Food Intake and Body Weight
    Yuko Maejima, Shoko Yokota, Shizu Hidema, Katsuhiko Nishimori, Heidi de Wet, Kenju Shimomura · 2024 · Neuroendocrinology
  28. Glutamatergic melanocortin‐4 receptor neurons regulate body weight
    Haodong Liu, Xiaojing Li, Penghui Li, Rihan Hai, Jiacheng Li, Qi Fan, Xing Wang, Yujie Chen, Xiaojuan Cao, Xiaoyu Zhang et al. · 2023 · The FASEB Journal
  29. OXTR DNA methylation differentiates men on the obesity spectrum with and without binge eating disorder
    Katrin Elisabeth Giel, Kathrin Schag, Elisabeth Johanna Leehr, Isabelle Mack, Lea-Sarah Schuster, Ariane Wiegand, Stephan Zipfel, Manfred Hallschmid, Vanessa Nieratschker · 2022 · Clinical Epigenetics
  30. Oxytocin induces embryonic diapause
    Jessica L. Minder, Sarah B. Winokur, Janaye Stephens, Jie Tong, Naomi L. Cassel, Luisa Schuster, Habon A. Issa, Michael Cammer, Latika Khatri, Gaia Moisan et al. · 2025 · Science Advances
  31. Oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei bidirectionally modulate food intake
    Jessica J. Rea, Clarissa M. Liu, Anna Hayes, Rita Ohan, Grace M. Schwartz, Alexander G. Bashaw, Molly E. Klug, Léa Décarie-Spain, Yedam Park, Alicia E. Kao et al. · 2025 · Molecular Metabolism
  32. Neuroendocrine Control of Body Energy Homeostasis
    Alison H. Affinati, Martin Grosvenor Myers · 2021 · Europe PMC (PubMed Central)
  33. Do oxytocin neurones affect feeding?
    Amy A. Worth, Simon M. Luckman · 2021 · Journal of Neuroendocrinology
  34. Energy Expenditure Homeostasis Requires ErbB4, an Obesity Risk Gene, in the Paraventricular Nucleus
    Iván G. Santiago-Marrero, Fang Liu, Hongsheng Wang, Emily P. Arzola, Wen‐Cheng Xiong, Lin Mei · 2023 · eNeuro
  35. Orthopedia regulates melanocortin 4 receptor transcription and energy homeostasis
    Baijie Xu, Katherine Lawler, Steven C. Wyler, Li Li, SWATI SWATI, Julia M. Keogh, Xiameng Chen, Rong Wan, Amanda G. Almeida, Susan E. Kirsch et al. · 2025 · Science Translational Medicine
  36. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insight into Spatio-Temporal Expression Characteristics and Genetic Regulatory Network in Postnatal Developing Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat of Bama Pig
    Yingying Zhang, Hongyang Wang, Weilong Tu, Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza, Jianguo Cao, Ji Huang, Huali Wu, Chun Chieh Fan, Sheng‐Chang Wang, Ying Zhao et al. · 2022 · Frontiers in Genetics
  37. Calcium Dynamics in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Oxytocin Neurons and Astrocytes Associated with Social and Stress Stimuli
    Katy Celina Sandoval, Joshua Rychlik, Katrina Y. Choe · 2025 · eNeuro
  38. Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of oxytocin-elicited reductions of body weight and adiposity in male diet-induced obese mice
    Mélise Marie Edwards, Ha K. Nguyen, Andrew Dale Dodson, Adam Jay Herbertson, Tami Wolden‐Hanson, Tomasz Wietecha, Mackenzie K. Honeycutt, Jared D. Slattery, Kevin D. O’Brien, James Lawrence Graham et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Endocrinology
  39. Negative feedback regulation of alcohol ingestion through the FGF21-PVH oxytocin-VTA dopamine system
    Sho Matsui, Yuma Takahashi, Shuhei Morioka, Takaaki Ozawa, Sachiho Kanayama, Hiroki Iwama, Lan Geng, Kazuhiro Umemoto, Yasuo Oguri, Satoshi Tsuzuki et al. · 2026 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  40. The Role of Central Oxytocin in Autonomic Regulation
    Sheng‐Feng Tsai, Yu‐Min Kuo · 2024 · Journal of physiological investigation.
  41. Sympathetic Innervation of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue Is Not a Predominant Mediator of Oxytocin-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Female High Fat Diet-Fed Rats
    Andrew Dale Dodson, Adam Jay Herbertson, Mackenzie K. Honeycutt, Ron Vered, Jared D. Slattery, Matvey Goldberg, Edison W. Tsui, Tami Wolden‐Hanson, James Lawrence Graham, Tomasz Wietecha et al. · 2024 · Current Issues in Molecular Biology
  42. Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of Oxytocin (OT)-elicited reductions of body weight gain and adiposity in male diet-induced obese rats
    Mélise Marie Edwards, Ha K. Nguyen, Andrew Dale Dodson, Adam Jay Herbertson, Mackenzie K. Honeycutt, Jared D. Slattery, June R. Rambousek, Edison W. Tsui, Tami Wolden‐Hanson, Tomasz Wietecha et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Drug Delivery
  43. Paraventricular oxytocin neurons impact energy intake and expenditure: projections to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis reduce sucrose consumption
    Amy A. Worth, Claire H. Feetham, Nicole A. Morrissey, Simon M. Luckman · 2024 · Frontiers in Endocrinology
  44. Intestinal Electrical Stimulation Alters Hypothalamic Expression of Oxytocin and Orexin and Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats
    Shiying Li, Yeram Kim, Jiande D. Z. Chen, Mohammad F. Madhoun · 2021 · Obesity Surgery
  45. Increased neuronal activation in sympathoregulatory regions of the brain and spinal cord in type 2 diabetic rats
    Shivani Sethi, Rachael A. Augustine, Gregory T. Bouwer, Michael R. Perkinson, Isaiah Cheong, Carol T. Bussey, Daryl O. Schwenke, Colin H. Brown, Regis R. Lamberts · 2021 · Journal of Neuroendocrinology
  46. Melanocortin 4 receptor signaling in Sim1 neurons permits sexual receptivity in female mice
    Erin A. Semple, Mitchell T. Harberson, Baijie Xu, Rebecca Rashleigh, Tori L. Cartwright, Jessica J. Braun, Amy C. Custer, Chen Liu, Jennifer Wootton Hill · 2023 · Frontiers in Endocrinology
  47. Development of the neurohypophysis: A major neuroendocrine interface
    Athul R. Ramesh, Naveen Nedunchezhian, Md Hasan Ali, Sebastian Pęcherz, Natalia Kowalewska, Savani Anbalagan · 2025 · Journal of Neuroendocrinology
  48. Disruption of CRTC1 and CRTC2 in Sim1 cells strongly increases high-fat diet intake in female mice but has a modest impact on male mice
    Jin Tanaka, Fuka Ishikawa, Tomoki Jinno, Motoki Miyakita, Haruka Miyamori, Tsutomu Sasaki, Takumi Yokokawa, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuo Inoue, Shigenobu Matsumura · 2022 · PLoS ONE
  49. Functional and Anatomical Dissection of Feeding Circuits
    Deniz Atasoy, Scott M. Sternson · 2016 · Wiley eBooks
  50. Oxytocin neurons signal state-dependent transitions from rest to thermogenesis and behavioral arousal
    Morgane Vandendoren, Jason G Landen, Joseph F Rogers, Samantha Killmer, Baizar Alamiri, Celeste Pohlman, Glenn J. Tattersall, Nicole L. Bedford, Adam C. Nelson · 2026 · eLife
  51. Hunger Games: A Modern Battle Between Stress and Appetite
    Whitnei Smith, Estefania P. Azevedo · 2025 · Journal of Neurochemistry
  52. Promotion of obesity by fibroblast growth factor 21-oxytocin system dysfunction due to sugar-specific hyperphagia
    Hajime Mori, Kanako Inoue, Sho Matsui, Yasuo Oguri, Satoshi Tsuzuki, Tsutomu Sasaki · 2025 · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
  53. Three‐dimensional quantification of oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus reveals sex‐ and subregion‐specific differences in two genetic mouse models of autism
    Aishwarya Patwardhan, Siyao Li, Jessica A. Chen, Katrina Y. Choe · 2025 · Journal of Neuroendocrinology
  54. Region and Cell‐Selective Induction of Zbtb16/Plzf by Multiple Stressors in the Adult Murine Hypothalamus
    Mina Roueinfar, Pardis Mohammadzadeh, Luke Schwerdtfeger, Robert J. Handa, Stuart A. Tobet · 2026 · European Journal of Neuroscience
  55. L’hypophyse et ses traitements : comment peuvent-ils influer sur le comportement ?
    Céline Mouly, Françoise Borson‐Chazot, Philippe Jean Caron · 2017 · Annales d Endocrinologie
  56. Intranasal oxytocin administration rescues neonatal thermo-sensory deficit in mouse model of Autism
    Laura Caccialupi Da Prato, Dina Abdallah, Vanessa Point, Fabienne Schaller, Emilie Pallesi‐Pocachard, Aurélie Montheil, Stéphane Canaan, Jean‐Luc Gaïarsa, Françoise Muscatelli, Valery A. Matarazzo · 2019 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  57. Oxytocin neurons signal state-dependent transitions from rest to thermogenesis and behavioral arousal in social and non-social settings
    Morgane Vandendoren, Jason G Landen, Joseph F Rogers, Samantha Killmer, Baizar Alamiri, Celeste Pohlman, Glenn J. Tattersall, Nicole L. Bedford, Adam C. Nelson · 2025 · eLife
  58. Oxytocin Effects on Food Stimulus Processing and Food Intake in Females With or Without Binge Eating Disorder
    Julia Nannt, Mechteld M. van den Hoek Ostende, Brunna Tuschen‐Caffier, Markus Heinrichs, Daniel Sippel, Manfred Hallschmid, Jennifer Svaldi · 2025 · International Journal of Eating Disorders
  59. SNAP-47 mediates somatic oxytocin dynamics in hypothalamic neurons
    Beatriz Aznar-Escolano, María Victoria Villaverde Royo, M. Pilar Madrigal, Adrián Portalés, José Villanueva, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez, Sandra Jurado · 2026 · Communications Biology
  60. Peripheral cholecystokinin promotes thermogenesis via vagal afferent signalling, hypothalamic oxytocin and sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue
    Yuta Masuda, Miyuki Kawase, Rika Kitano, Kento Ohbayashi, Toshiki Yabe‐Wada, Hiroshi Inoue, Mamoru Tanida, Yusaku Iwasaki · 2026 · The Journal of Physiology
  61. Oxytocin as a Metabolic Modulator
    Neeru Bhatt · 2021 · IntechOpen eBooks
  62. Oxytocin: Potential New Treatment for Binge Eating
    Youl‐Ri Kim, Soo Min Hong, Jung‐Joon Moon · 2020 · Springer eBooks
  63. Remodeling of purinergic signaling in the paraventricular hypothalamus promotes hyperphagic obesity and insulin resistance
    Yu Liu, Anastasiia Bondarenko, Haiyang Zhang, Pengwei Luan, Qian Zhang, Bo Wang, Syeda Sadia Najam, Xian Liang, Ali Alamdar Shah Syed, Dongfa Lin et al. · 2024 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  64. The Effect of Stage of Lactation on the Response of Postpartum Rats to the Administration of Anorectic and Orexigenic Peptides
    Radek Budin · 2016 · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)
  65. Faculty Opinions recommendation of The paraventricular hypothalamus regulates satiety and prevents obesity via two genetically distinct circuits.
    Robert J. Handa, Ashley Heck · 2019 · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature
  66. Faculty Opinions recommendation of BDNF-TrkB signaling in oxytocin neurons contributes to maternal behavior.
    Mark Bothwell · 2019 · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature
  67. Faculty Opinions recommendation of Defined paraventricular hypothalamic populations exhibit differential responses to food contingent on caloric state.
    Heike Münzberg · 2020 · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature
  68. Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of OT-elicited reductions of body weight gain and adiposity in male diet-induced obese rats
    Mélise Marie Edwards, Ha K. Nguyen, Andrew Dale Dodson, Adam Jay Herbertson, Mackenzie K. Honeycutt, Jared D. Slattery, June R. Rambousek, Edison W. Tsui, Tami Wolden‐Hanson, Tomasz Wietecha et al. · 2024 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  69. A vagal sensory–hypothalamic oxytocin–brown adipose tissue pathway mediates cholecystokinin-induced thermogenesis
    Yuta Masuda, Miyuki Kawase, Rika Kitano, Kento Ohbayashi, Toshiki Yabe‐Wada, Hiroshi Inoue, Mamoru Tanida, Yusaku Iwasaki · 2025 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  70. Characterization of a rat model expressing Cre recombinase in oxytocinergic neurons: NTac:SD-Oxtem1(cre)Sage
    Thomas Jeff Martin, Conner W. Martin, Nayana Murulikanth, Renée Parker, Miriam M. Fonseca, Edgar Alfonso Romero-Sandoval, Christopher Michael Peters, Joseph Abbott, Sara Gordon, Guojun Zhao et al. · 2025 · Neuroscience
  71. Oxytocin neurons signal state-dependent transitions from rest to thermogenesis and behavioral arousal
    Morgane Vandendoren, Jason G Landen, Joseph F Rogers, Samantha Killmer, Baizar Alamiri, Celeste Pohlman, Glenn J. Tattersall, Nicole L. Bedford, Adam C. Nelson · 2025 · eLife
  72. Lateralized vagal oxytocin signaling separately controls feeding and socioemotional functions via hypothalamic oxytocin signaling
    Kengo Iba, Yuta Masuda, Rika Kitano, Kento Ohbayashi, Yukio Ago, Hirotaka Nagai, Tomoyuki Furuyashiki, Chikara Abe, Yusaku Iwasaki · 2025 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  73. Mechanisms of gustatory perception of dietary lipids : cross-talk with bitter taste and endocannabinoid receptors
    Léa Brissard · 2018
  74. Physiopathologie et développement de stratégies thérapeutiques dans le cadre de pathologies neurodéveloppementales : investigation des fonctions sensori-motrices à la naissance dans des modèles murins pour les syndromes de Prader Willi et Schaaf Yang
    Laura Caccialupi Da Prato · 2019
  75. Le rôle respectif des différents populations de neurones épineux moyens du noyau accumbens dans la motivation et la prise alimentaire
    Roman Walle · 2021 · theses.fr (ABES)
  76. Identification d'un réseau neuronal responsable de l'amplification ocytocinergique de l'arythmie sinusale respiratoire : implication dans les comportements de relaxation
    Julie Buron · 2023
  77. Inhibition of oxytocin neurons during key periods of development has long-term behavioral and body composition effects
    Fabienne Schaller, Marie-Sophie Alifrangis, Pierre-Yves Barelle, Catarina Santos, Roman Tyzio, Alessandra Bertoni, Felix Omnes, Yasmine Belaïdouni, Francesca Bader, Emilie Pallesi‐Pocachard et al. · 2026 · Molecular Autism
  78. Comparative atlas of PVN oxytocin and vasopressin systems reveals sex-conserved input–output wiring
    Sara Nicole Freda, Yasmeen F. Lowe, Michael F. Priest, Deanna Badong, Yuejun Liu, Lei Xiao, Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy · 2026 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  79. Role of Oxytocin in Obesity
    Amber L. Williams, James Ernest Blevins · 2026 · Current Diabetes Reports
  80. Oxytocin neurons signal state-dependent transitions from rest to thermogenesis and behavioral arousal in social and non-social settings
    Morgane Vandendoren, Jason G Landen, Joseph F Rogers, Samantha Killmer, Baizar Alamiri, Celeste Pohlman, Glenn J. Tattersall, Nicole L. Bedford, Adam C. Nelson · 2026 · eLife
  81. Endogenous oxytocin reconfigures brainwide network dynamics toward salience-related states
    Elizabeth Amanda de Guzman, Caterina Montani, Andrew Hayward, Sara Migliarini, Giovanni Morelli, Daniel Gutierrez‐Barragan, Alberto Galbusera, Filomena Grazia Alvino, Ludovico Coletta, Yongsoo Kim et al. · 2026 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)