The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Simple Exoskeleton That Assists Plantarflexion Can Reduce the Metabolic Cost of Human Walking
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Even though walking can be sustained for great distances, considerable energy is required for plantarflexion around the instant of opposite leg heel contact. Different groups attempted to reduce metabolic cost with exoskeletons but none could achieve a reduction beyond the level of walking without exoskeleton, possibly because there is no consensus on the optimal actuation timing. The main research question of our study was whether it is possible to obtain a higher reduction in metabolic cost by tuning the actuation timing. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We measured metabolic cost by means of respiratory gas analysis. Test subjects walked with a simple pneumatic exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion with different actuation timings. We found that the exoskeleton can reduce metabolic cost by 0.18±0.06 W kg(-1) or 6±2% (standard error of the mean) (p = 0.019) below the cost of walking without exoskeleton if actuation starts just before opposite leg heel contact. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The optimum timing that we found concurs with the prediction from a mathematical model of walking. While the present exoskeleton was not ambulant, measurements of joint kinetics reveal that the required power could be recycled from knee extension deceleration work that occurs naturally during walking. This demonstrates that it is theoretically possible to build future ambulant exoskeletons that reduce metabolic cost, without power supply restrictions.
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Cites
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Cited by
Human-in-the-loop optimization of exoskeleton assistance during walking
Zhang, J., Fiers, P., Witte, K. A., Jackson, R. W., Poggensee, K. L., Atkeson, C. G., & Collins, S. H. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aal5054 · Cited by 1,011
Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton
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Reducing the metabolic rate of walking and running with a versatile, portable exosuit
Kim, J., Lee, G., Heimgartner, R., Arumukhom Revi, D., Karavas, N., Nathanson, D., Galiana, I., Eckert-Erdheim, A., Murphy, P., Perry, D., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aav7536 · Cited by 482
Self-citationA biologically inspired soft exosuit for walking assistance
Asbeck, A. T., De Rossi, S. M. M., Holt, K. G., & Walsh, C. J. (2015) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364914562476 · Cited by 450
Stronger, Smarter, Softer: Next-Generation Wearable Robots
Asbeck, A. T., De Rossi, S. M. M., Galiana, I., Ding, Y., & Walsh, C. J. (2014) · IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine · doi:10.1109/mra.2014.2360283 · Cited by 368
Metadata
- Authors
- Malcolm, P., Derave, W., Galle, S., & De Clercq, D.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-02-13
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e56137
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991235214
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 13.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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