CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 95Reproductive tract infections researchCervical Cancer and HPV ResearchUrinary Tract Infections Management

Prevalent and incident bacterial vaginosis are associated with sexual and contraceptive behaviours in young Australian women.

Open access
Bradshaw, Catriona S., Walker, Jennifer, Fairley, Christopher K., Chen, Marcus Y., Tabrizi, Sepehr N., Donovan, Basil, Kaldor, John M., McNamee, Kathryn +9 more·2013·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0057688PMC PMC3589386
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To determine prevalence and incidence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and risk factors in young sexually-active Australian women. METHODS: 1093 women aged 16-25 years were recruited from primary-care clinics. Participants completed 3-monthly questionnaires and self-collected vaginal smears 6-monthly for 12-months. The primary endpoint was a Nugent Score = 7-10 (BV) and the secondary endpoint was a NS = 4-10 (abnormal flora [AF]). BV and AF prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were derived, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) calculated to explore epidemiological associations with prevalent BV and AF. Proportional-hazards regression models were used to examine factors associated with incident BV and AF. RESULTS: At baseline 129 women had BV [11.8% (95%CI: 9.4-14.2)] and 188 AF (17.2%; 15.1-19.5). Prevalent BV was associated with having a recent female partner [AOR = 2.1; 1.0-4.4] and lack of tertiary-education [AOR = 1.9; 1.2-3.0]; use of an oestrogen-containing contraceptive (OCC) was associated with reduced risk [AOR = 0.6; 0.4-0.9]. Prevalent AF was associated with the same factors, and additionally with >5 male partners (MSP) in 12-months [AOR = 1.8; 1.2-2.5)], and detection of C.trachomatis or M.genitalium [AOR = 2.1; 1.0-4.5]. There were 82 cases of incident BV (9.4%;7.7-11.7/100 person-years) and 129 with incident AF (14.8%; 12.5-17.6/100 person-years). Incident BV and AF were associated with a new MSP [adjusted rate ratio (ARR) = 1.5; 1.1-2.2 and ARR = 1.5; 1.1-2.0], respectively. OCC-use was associated with reduced risk of incident AF [ARR = 0.7; 0.5-1.0]. CONCLUSION: This paper presents BV and AF prevalence and incidence estimates from a large prospective cohort of young Australian women predominantly recruited from primary-care clinics. These data support the concept that sexual activity is strongly associated with the development of BV and AF and that use of an OCC is associated with reduced risk.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0057688

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Recurrent BV among WSW is associated with having a same-sex partner and a lack of condom use.

    “Recurrent BV among WSW is associated with having a same-sex partner and a lack of condom use (325).”

    From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [325]

    The Discussion reports that having a female partner was associated with prevalent BV in this predominantly heterosexual cohort. The Conclusion reports an association between BV recurrence and remaining with the same pre-treatment partner and inconsistent condom use, but does not identify that partner as same-sex or establish the finding specifically among women who have sex with women. That recurrence finding is reported from a separate treatment trial, not this paper’s cohort. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Bradshaw, C. S., Walker, J., Fairley, C. K., Chen, M. Y., Tabrizi, S. N., Donovan, B., Kaldor, J. M., McNamee, K., Urban, E., Walker, S., Currie, M., Birden, H., Bowden, F., Garland, S., Pirotta, M., Gurrin, L., & Hocking, J. S.
Affiliations
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Royal Women's Hospital (AU)
  • Sydney Hospital (AU)
  • Monash Medical Centre (AU)
  • Australian National University (AU)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author
  • Bradshaw, Catriona S.
  • Hocking, Jane S.
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2013-03-05
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
e57688
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0057688
PMC
PMC3589386
OpenAlex
W2029430615
Cited by
95
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
FWCI
6.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (566576)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
Keywords
bacterial vaginosis, young women, sexual behavior, contraceptive use, multiple sexual partners, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Nugent score, risk factors, incidence, prevalence, vaginal microbiota, Australian women, higher education, sexually transmitted infections
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Contraception Behavior, Female, Humans, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Vaginosis, Bacterial, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review