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Phylogenetic analysis reveals a cryptic species Blastomyces gilchristii, sp. nov. within the human pathogenic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Analysis of the population genetic structure of microbial species is of fundamental importance to many scientific disciplines because it can identify cryptic species, reveal reproductive mode, and elucidate processes that contribute to pathogen evolution. Here, we examined the population genetic structure and geographic differentiation of the sexual, dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, the causative agent of blastomycosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Criteria for Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) applied to seven nuclear loci (arf6, chs2, drk1, fads, pyrF, tub1, and its-2) from 78 clinical and environmental isolates identified two previously unrecognized phylogenetic species. Four of seven single gene phylogenies examined (chs2, drk1, pyrF, and its-2) supported the separation of Phylogenetic Species 1 (PS1) and Phylogenetic Species 2 (PS2) which were also well differentiated in the concatenated chs2-drk1-fads-pyrF-tub1-arf6-its2 genealogy with all isolates falling into one of two evolutionarily independent lineages. Phylogenetic species were genetically distinct with interspecific divergence 4-fold greater than intraspecific divergence and a high Fst value (0.772, P<0.001) indicative of restricted gene flow between PS1 and PS2. Whereas panmixia expected of a single freely recombining population was not observed, recombination was detected when PS1 and PS2 were assessed separately, suggesting reproductive isolation. Random mating among PS1 isolates, which were distributed across North America, was only detected after partitioning isolates into six geographic regions. The PS2 population, found predominantly in the hyper-endemic regions of northwestern Ontario, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, contained a substantial clonal component with random mating detected only among unique genotypes in the population. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These analyses provide evidence for a genetically divergent clade within Blastomyces dermatitidis, which we use to describe a novel species, Blastomyces gilchristii sp. nov. In addition, we discuss the value of population genetic and phylogenetic analyses as a foundation for disease surveillance, understanding pathogen evolution, and discerning phenotypic differences between phylogenetic species.
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“Blastomycosis is an uncommon but underdiagnosed and potentially life-threatening infection caused by the dimorphic fungi Blastomyces dermatitidis, which includes at least 1 cryptic subspecies, B. gilchristii [170].”
From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [170]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, E. M., McTaggart, L. R., Zhang, S. X., Low, D. E., Stevens, D. A., & Richardson, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- Public Health Ontario (CA)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- McTaggart, Lisa R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-03-22
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e59237
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3606480
- OpenAlex
- W2033915514
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 10.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2016-12-09)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Keywords
- Blastomyces dermatitidis, cryptic species, blastomycosis, population structure, phylogenetic species recognition, territorial differentiation, recombination, reproductive isolation, clonal populations, nuclear loci, pathogen evolution, disease surveillance
- MeSH terms
- Blastomyces, DNA, Fungal, Genetics, Population, Humans, Phylogeny, Evolution, Molecular
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