Prevalence of tobacco use in urban, semi urban and rural areas in and around Chennai City, India
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco use leads to many health complications and is a risk factor for the occurrence of cardio vascular diseases, lung and oral cancers, chronic bronchitis etc. Almost 6 million people die from tobacco-related causes every year. This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of tobacco use in three different areas around Chennai city, south India. METHODS: A survey of 7510 individuals aged > = 15 years was undertaken covering Chennai city (urban), Ambattur (semi-urban) and Sriperumbudur (rural) taluk. Details on tobacco use were collected using a questionnaire adapted from both Global Youth Tobacco Survey and Global Adults Tobacco Survey. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of tobacco use was significantly higher in the rural (23.7%) compared to semi-urban (20.9%) and urban (19.4%) areas (P value <0.001) Tobacco smoking prevalence was 14.3%, 13.9% and 12.4% in rural, semi-urban and urban areas respectively. The corresponding values for smokeless tobacco use were 9.5%, 7.0% and 7.0% respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of using tobacco (with smoke or smokeless forms) was significantly higher among males, older individuals, alcoholics, in rural areas and slum localities. Behavioural pattern analysis of current tobacco users led to three groups (1) those who were not reached by family or friends to advice on harmful effects (2) those who were well aware of harmful effects of tobacco and even want to quit and (3) those are exposed to second hand/passive smoking at home and outside. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use prevalence was significantly higher in rural areas, slum dwellers, males and older age groups in this region of south India. Women used mainly smokeless tobacco. Tobacco control programmes need to develop strategies to address the different subgroups among tobacco users. Public health facilities need to expand smoking cessation counseling services as well as provide pharmacotherapy where necessary.
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The current prevalence of tobacco use at baseline is similar to the overall tobacco use prevalence of 21% in India.
“It is also similar to the overall tobacco use prevalence of 21% in India (30).”
From Community-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment for Unhealthy Tobacco Use: Single Arm Study Experience and Implementation Success in Rural and Semi-Rural Settings, South-West Nigeria (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
The Discussion reports 21% tobacco-use prevalence in a survey conducted in and around Chennai, and the Results table gives 21.4% for that study population. These passages support the approximate figure, but not the claim that it is the overall prevalence for India. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn both India and Pakistan, some predictors of tobacco use are male gender, low socioeconomic status, and rural geographic location.
“In both India and Pakistan, some predictors of tobacco use are male gender, low socioeconomic status, and rural geographic location (30, 41).”
From Community-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment for Unhealthy Tobacco Use: Single Arm Study Experience and Implementation Success in Rural and Semi-Rural Settings, South-West Nigeria (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
The Results (‘Factors influencing tobacco use’; page not provided) associate tobacco use around Chennai with male gender, rural residence and slum locality. The Discussion describes slum locality as indicating low standard of living. The paper does not establish these predictors for Pakistan, and it uses slum locality rather than a direct measure of socioeconomic status. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis study's findings on correlates of tobacco use align with prior research.
“our study aligns with prior research (30, 38–40).”
A positive relationship between tobacco use and low socioeconomic status is in agreement with Western findings and findings from other developing nations.
“our result with respect to a positive relationship between tobacco use and low socioeconomic status is in agreement with Western findings (44) as well as findings from other developing nations (30, 38, 39).”
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- Authors
- Chockalingam, K., Vedhachalam, C., Rangasamy, S., Sekar, G., Adinarayanan, S., Swaminathan, S., & Menon, P. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Menon, Pradeep Aravindan
- ORCID
- Swaminathan, Soumya
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-10-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e76005
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3788037
- OpenAlex
- W2033695998
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NIRT Institutional Scholarship Repository (National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- United States Agency for International Development
- World Health Organization
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- tobacco use prevalence, smoking, smokeless tobacco, urban-rural differences, slum dwellers, alcohol consumption, passive smoking, smoking cessation counseling, tobacco control, Chennai
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cities, Female, Humans, India, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rural Population, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Prevalence, Young Adult, Tobacco Use
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