Cited by 334Geology and Paleoclimatology ResearchPleistocene-Era Hominins and ArchaeologySoil and Environmental Studies

Dynamics of Green Sahara Periods and Their Role in Hominin Evolution

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Larrasoaña, Juan C., Roberts, Andrew P., Rohling, Eelco J.·2013·PLoS ONE

Abstract

Astronomically forced insolation changes have driven monsoon dynamics and recurrent humid episodes in North Africa, resulting in green Sahara Periods (GSPs) with savannah expansion throughout most of the desert. Despite their potential for expanding the area of prime hominin habitats and favouring out-of-Africa dispersals, GSPs have not been incorporated into the narrative of hominin evolution due to poor knowledge of their timing, dynamics and landscape composition at evolutionary timescales. We present a compilation of continental and marine paleoenvironmental records from within and around North Africa, which enables identification of over 230 GSPs within the last 8 million years. By combining the main climatological determinants of woody cover in tropical Africa with paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic data for representative (Holocene and Eemian) GSPs, we estimate precipitation regimes and habitat distributions during GSPs. Their chronology is consistent with the ages of Saharan archeological and fossil hominin sites. Each GSP took 2-3 kyr to develop, peaked over 4-8 kyr, biogeographically connected the African tropics to African and Eurasian mid latitudes, and ended within 2-3 kyr, which resulted in rapid habitat fragmentation. We argue that the well-dated succession of GSPs presented here may have played an important role in migration and evolution of hominins.

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  1. [19]Wendorf F, Schild R, Close AE, Schwarcz HP, Miller GH, et al.. (1994) A chronology for the middle and late Pleistocene wet episodes in the Eastern Sahara. In: Bar-Yosef O, Kra R, eds. Egypt During the Last Interglacial: the Middle Paleolithic of Bir Tarwafi and Bir Sahara East. New York: Plenum Press. 147–168.
  2. [24]Kleindienst MR, Schwarcz HP, Nicoll K, Churcher CS, Frizano J, et al.. (2008) Water in the desert: first report on uranium-series dating of Caton-Thompson’s and Gardner’s “classic” Pleistocene sequence at Refuf Pass, Kharga Oasis. In: Wiseman MF, ed. Oasis Papers II: Proceedings of the Second Dakhleh Oasis Project Research Seminar. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 25–54.

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Authors
Larrasoaña, J. C., Roberts, A. P., & Rohling, E. J.
Affiliations
Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author
Larrasoaña, Juan C.
Venue
PLoS ONE
Published
2013-10-16
Volume
8
Issue
10
Pages
e76514
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2018031694
Cited by
334
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
FWCI
8.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Natural Environment Research Council (NE/I009906/1, NE/H004424/1, NE/E01531X/1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil and Environmental Studies
Keywords
hominin evolution, monsoon dynamics, insolation forcing, savannah expansion, paleoenvironmental records, paleoclimate, woody cover, precipitation regime, habitat fragmentation, dispersal out of Africa, Holocene, Last Interglacial, North Africa, paleoecology
MeSH terms
Africa, Northern, Animals, Climate, Biological Evolution, Rain, Time Factors, Tropical Climate, Hominidae, Ecosystem, Phylogeography

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