Cited by 1,203Stroke Rehabilitation and RecoveryMedical Practices and RehabilitationAcute Ischemic Stroke Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 589 of the 591 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

What Is the Evidence for Physical Therapy Poststroke? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Open access

Veerbeek, Janne Marieke, van Wegen, Erwin, van Peppen, Roland, van der Wees, Philip Jan, Hendriks, Erik, Rietberg, Marc, Kwakkel, Gert·2014·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0087987PMC PMC3913786

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Physical therapy (PT) is one of the key disciplines in interdisciplinary stroke rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update of the evidence for stroke rehabilitation interventions in the domain of PT. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding PT in stroke rehabilitation were retrieved through a systematic search. Outcomes were classified according to the ICF. RCTs with a low risk of bias were quantitatively analyzed. Differences between phases poststroke were explored in subgroup analyses. A best evidence synthesis was performed for neurological treatment approaches. The search yielded 467 RCTs (N = 25373; median PEDro score 6 [IQR 5-7]), identifying 53 interventions. No adverse events were reported. Strong evidence was found for significant positive effects of 13 interventions related to gait, 11 interventions related to arm-hand activities, 1 intervention for ADL, and 3 interventions for physical fitness. Summary Effect Sizes (SESs) ranged from 0.17 (95%CI 0.03-0.70; I(2) = 0%) for therapeutic positioning of the paretic arm to 2.47 (95%CI 0.84-4.11; I(2) = 77%) for training of sitting balance. There is strong evidence that a higher dose of practice is better, with SESs ranging from 0.21 (95%CI 0.02-0.39; I(2) = 6%) for motor function of the paretic arm to 0.61 (95%CI 0.41-0.82; I(2) = 41%) for muscle strength of the paretic leg. Subgroup analyses yielded significant differences with respect to timing poststroke for 10 interventions. Neurological treatment approaches to training of body functions and activities showed equal or unfavorable effects when compared to other training interventions. Main limitations of the present review are not using individual patient data for meta-analyses and absence of correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence for PT interventions favoring intensive high repetitive task-oriented and task-specific training in all phases poststroke. Effects are mostly restricted to the actually trained functions and activities. Suggestions for prioritizing PT stroke research are given.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0087987

Cites

589 of 589 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Items 201–400 of 589

Effectiveness of Sensory and Motor Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb Following the Principles of Neuroplasticity: Patients Stable Poststroke
Byl, N. N., Roderick, J., Mohamed, O., Hanny, M., Kotler, J., Smith, A. M., Tang, M., & Abrams, G. (2003) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/0888439003257137 · Cited by 187
A pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the benefit of the cardiac rehabilitation paradigm for the non-acute ischaemic stroke population
Lennon, O. C., Carey, A., Gaffney, N., Stephenson, J., & Blake, C. M. (2008) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215507081580 · Cited by 187
Interventions for sensory impairment in the upper limb after stroke
Doyle, S., Bennett, S. H., Fasoli, S. E., & McKenna, K. T. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006331.pub2 · Cited by 187
Rehabilitation of reaching after stroke: Task-related training versus progressive resistive exercise11No commercial party having a direct interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the author(s) or on any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.
Thielman, G. T., Dean, C. M., & Gentile, A. M. (2004) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.028 · Cited by 186
Bilateral and Unilateral Arm Training Improve Motor Function Through Differing Neuroplastic Mechanisms
Whitall, J., Waller, S. M., Sorkin, J. D., Forrester, L. W., Macko, R. F., Hanley, D. F., Goldberg, A. P., & Luft, A. R. (2010) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968310380685 · Cited by 184
Electrostimulation for promoting recovery of movement or functional ability after stroke
Pomeroy, V. M., King, L. M., Pollock, A., Baily-Hallam, A., & Langhorne, P. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003241.pub2 · Cited by 184
Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke.
Barclay-Goddard, R., Stevenson, T., Poluha, W., & Thalman, L. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005950.pub4 · Cited by 183
SENSe: Study of the Effectiveness of Neurorehabilitation on Sensation
Carey, L. M., Macdonell, R. A. L., & Matyas, T. A. (2011) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968310397705 · Cited by 181
CONTROLLED STUDY OF NEUROPROSTHETIC FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN SUB-ACUTE POST-STROKE REHABILITATION
Ring, H., & Rosenthal, N. (2004) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/16501970410035387 · Cited by 181
Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke
French, B., Thomas, L. H., Leathley, M. J., Sutton, C., McAdam, J. J., Förster, A., Langhorne, P., Price, C., Walker, A., Watkins, C. L., et al. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006073.pub2 · Cited by 181
Developing clinically valid practice guidelines
Grimshaw, J., Eccles, M., & Russell, I. T. (1995) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.1995.tb00006.x · Cited by 180
Early and Repetitive Stimulation of the Arm Can Substantially Improve the Long-Term Outcome After Stroke: A 5-Year Follow-up Study of a Randomized Trial
Feys, H., Weerdt, W. D., Verbeke, G. N., Steck, G. C., Capiau, C., Kiekens, C., Dejaeger, E. W., Hoydonck, G. V., Vermeersch, G., & Cras, P. P. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000121645.44752.f7 · Cited by 180
The effects of increased dose of exercise-based therapies to enhance motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Cooke, E. V., Mares, K., Clark, A., Tallis, R. C., & Pomeroy, V. M. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-60 · Cited by 179
The effects of balance training on gait late after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Yavuzer, G., Eser, F., Karakuş, D., Karaoğlan, B., & Stam, H. J. (2006) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215506070315 · Cited by 179
Quality-of-Life Change Associated With Robotic-Assisted Therapy to Improve Hand Motor Function in Patients With Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Kutner, N. G., Zhang, R. V., Butler, A. J., Wolf, S. L., & Alberts, J. L. (2010) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20090160 · Cited by 179
Response to upper-limb robotics and functional neuromuscular
Daly, J. J., Hogan, N., Perepezko, E., Krebs, H. I., Rogers, J. M., Goyal, K. S., Dohring, M. E., Fredrickson, E., Nethery, J., & Ruff, R. L. (2005) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2005.02.0048 · Cited by 179
Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke
Barclay, R., Stevenson, T. J., Poluha, W., Semenko, B., & Schubert, J. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005950.pub5 · Cited by 177
Who May Benefit From Robotic-Assisted Gait Training?
Morone, G., Bragoni, M., Iosa, M., Angelis, D. D., Venturiero, V., Coiro, P., Pratesi, L., & Paolucci, S. (2011) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968311401034 · Cited by 176
Modified constraint induced therapy: a randomized feasibility and efficacy study.
Page, S. J., Sisto, S., Levine, P., Johnston, M. V., & Hughes, M. B. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 176
Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke
English, C., Hillier, S., & Lynch, E. A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007513.pub3 · Cited by 175
Effectiveness of Gait Training Using an Electromechanical Gait Trainer, With and Without Functional Electric Stimulation, in Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Tong, R. K., Ng, M. F. W., & Li, L. S. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.06.016 · Cited by 175
Comparison of Partial Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Gait Training Versus Aggressive Bracing Assisted Walking Post Stroke
Kosak, M., & REDING, M. J. (2000) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/154596830001400102 · Cited by 174
Clinical evaluation of Functional Electrical Therapy in acute hemiplegic subjects
Popović, M. B., Popović, D. B., Sinkj�r, T., Stefanovic, A., & Schwirtlich, L. B. (2003) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2003.09.0443 · Cited by 173
EMG biofeedback for the recovery of motor function after stroke
Woodford, H. J., & Price, C. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004585.pub2 · Cited by 171
Domiciliary occupational therapy for patients with stroke discharged from hospital: randomised controlled trial
Gilbertson, L., Langhorne, P., Walker, A., Allen, A., & Murray, G. (2000) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7235.603 · Cited by 170
Reliance on visual information after stroke. Part II: effectiveness of a balance rehabilitation program with visual cue deprivation after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Bonan, I., Yelnik, A. P., Colle, F. M. C., Michaud, C., Normand, E., Panigot, B., Roth, P., Guichard, J., & Vicaut, É. (2004) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.06.016 · Cited by 170
Effects of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Cardiopulmonary Fitness in Subacute Stroke Patients
Chang, W. H., Kim, M. S., Huh, J. P., Lee, P. K. W., & Kim, Y. (2011) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968311408916 · Cited by 168
Mirror Therapy for Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 and Stroke
Cacchio, A., Blasis, E. D., Necozione, S., di Orio, F., & Santilli, V. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc0902799 · Cited by 165
Inspiratory Muscular Training in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Britto, R. R., Rezende, N. R., Marinho, K. C., Torres, J. L., Parreira, V. F., & Teixeira‐Salmela, L. F. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.09.029 · Cited by 165
EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTENSIVE OUTPATIENT REHABILITATION PROGRAM FOR POSTACUTE STROKE PATIENTS1
Werner, R. A., & Kessler, S. (1996) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00002060-199603000-00006 · Cited by 165
A multicentre randomized controlled trial of leisure therapy and conventional occupational therapy after stroke
Parker, C., Gladman, J. R. F., Drummond, A. E., Dewey, M. E., Lincoln, N. B., Barer, D. H., Logan, P., & Radford, K. (2001) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/026921501666968247 · Cited by 164
Balance training following stroke: effects of task-oriented exercises with and without altered sensory input
Bayouk, J.-F., Boucher, J. P., & Leroux, A. Y. (2006) · International Journal of Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.1097/01.mrr.0000192100.67425.84 · Cited by 161
Daily Functioning and Quality of Life in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Therapeutic Exercise for Subacute Stroke Survivors
Studenski, S. A., Duncan, P. W., Perera, S., Reker, D. M., Lai, S. M., & Richards, L. G. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000174192.87887.70 · Cited by 160
The Effect of a Task‐Oriented Walking Intervention on Improving Balance Self‐Efficacy Poststroke: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Salbach, N. M., Mayo, N. E., Robichaud‐Ekstrand, S., Hanley, J. A., Richards, C. L., & Wood-Dauphinée, S. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53203.x · Cited by 159
Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on reach-to-grasp movements and functional performance after chronic stroke: a randomized controlled study
Lin, K.-C., Wu, C.-Y., Wei, T.-H., Gung, C., Lee, C., & Liu, J.-S. (2007) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215507079843 · Cited by 158
International Randomized Clinical Trial, Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation With Reinforcement of Walking Speed (SIRROWS), Improves Outcomes
Dobkin, B. H., Plummer, P., Elashoff, R. E., Lee, J., & the SIRROWS Group (2010) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309357558 · Cited by 158
Musical motor feedback (MMF) in walking hemiparetic stroke patients: randomized trials of gait improvement
Schauer, M., & Mauritz, K.-H. (2003) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215503cr668oa · Cited by 157
The Rehabilitation of Gait in Patients With Hemiplegia: A Comparison Between Conventional Therapy and Multichannel Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy
Bogataj, U., Gros, N., Kljajić, M., Aćimović, R., & Maležič, M. (1995) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/75.6.490 · Cited by 157
Stroke: A Randomized Trial of Exercise or Relaxation
Mead, G. E., Greig, C. A., Cunningham, I., Lewis, S. J., Dinan, S., Saunders, D. H., Fitzsimons, C. F., & Young, A. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01185.x · Cited by 156
Circuit-Based Rehabilitation Improves Gait Endurance but Not Usual Walking Activity in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Mudge, S., Barber, P. A., & Stott, N. S. (2009) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.07.015 · Cited by 156
Progressive Shoulder Abduction Loading is a Crucial Element of Arm Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke
Ellis, M. D., Sukal‐Moulton, T., & Dewald, J. P. A. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309332927 · Cited by 156
Effects of Splinting on Wrist Contracture After Stroke
Lannin, N. A., Cusick, A., McCluskey, A., & Herbert, R. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000251722.77088.12 · Cited by 155
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Supervised Versus Unsupervised Exercise Programs for Ambulatory Stroke Survivors
Olney, S. J., Nymark, J., Brouwer, B. J., Culham, E. G., Day, A. G., Heard, J., Henderson, M., & Parvataneni, K. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000199061.85897.b7 · Cited by 155
Additional Exercises Improve Trunk Performance After Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Verheyden, G., Vereeck, L., Truijen, S., Troch, M., Lafosse, C., Saeys, W., Leenaerts, E., Palinckx, A., & Weerdt, W. D. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308321776 · Cited by 154
Gait outcomes after additional backward walking training in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Yang, Y., Yen, J. G., Wang, R., Yen, L.-L., & Lieu, F. (2005) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215505cr860oa · Cited by 154
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Elderly Stroke Survivors: Changes in Motor Impairment, Daily Functioning, and Quality of Life
Wu, C., Chen, C., Tsai, W., Lin, K., & Chou, S.-H. (2007) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.11.021 · Cited by 152
Stroke treatment: comparison of integrated behavioral-physical therapy vs traditional physical therapy programs.
Jv, B., Gowland, C. A., Finlayson, M. A., Hall, A. L., Swanson, L. R., Stratford, P. W., Trotter, J., & Brandstater, M. E. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 151
Therapeutic Exercise and Depressive Symptoms After Stroke
Lai, S., Studenski, S. A., Richards, L. G., Perera, S., Reker, D. M., Rigler, S. K., & Duncan, P. W. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00573.x · Cited by 151
Comparison of Effect of Aerobic Cycle Training and Progressive Resistance Training on Walking Ability After Stroke: A Randomized Sham Exercise–Controlled Study
Lee, M., Kilbreath, S. L., Singh, M. F., Zeman, B. D., Lord, S. R., Raymond, J., & Davis, G. M. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01707.x · Cited by 151
Single blind randomized controlled trial of visual feedback after stroke: Effects on stance symmetry and function
Sackley, C. M., & Lincoln, N. B. (1997) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638289709166047 · Cited by 151
Effects of isokinetic strength training on walking in persons with stroke: A double-blind controlled pilot study
Kim, C. M., Eng, J. J., MacIntyre, D. L., & Dawson, A. S. (2001) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1053/jscd.2001.123775 · Cited by 150
Comparison of Finger Tracking Versus Simple Movement Training via Telerehabilitation to Alter Hand Function and Cortical Reorganization After Stroke
Carey, J. R., Durfee, W. K., Bhatt, E., Nagpal, A., Weinstein, S. A., Anderson, K. M., & Lewis, S. M. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968306292381 · Cited by 149
Very Early Rehabilitation or Intensive Telemetry after Stroke: A Pilot Randomised Trial
Langhorne, P., Stott, D. J., Knight, A., Bernhardt, J. A., Barer, D. H., & Watkins, C. L. (2010) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000278931 · Cited by 148
The effect of aquatic therapy on postural balance and muscle strength in stroke survivors — a randomized controlled pilot trial
Noh, D. K., Lim, J., Shin, H., & Paik, N. (2008) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215508091434 · Cited by 148
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Combined With Task-Related Training Improves Lower Limb Functions in Subjects With Chronic Stroke
Ng, S. S. M., & Hui-Chan, C. W. Y. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.490318 · Cited by 147
Effects of Constraint-Induced Therapy Versus Bilateral Arm Training on Motor Performance, Daily Functions, and Quality of Life in Stroke Survivors
Lin, K., Chang, Y.-F., Wu, C., & Chen, Y. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308328719 · Cited by 147
Cycling Induced by Electrical Stimulation Improves Motor Recovery in Postacute Hemiparetic Patients
Ambrosini, E., Ferrante, S., Pedrocchi, A., Ferrigno, G., & Molteni, F. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.599068 · Cited by 147
Gait Training—Induced Change in Corticomotor Excitability in Patients With Chronic Stroke
Yen, C.-L., Wang, R., Liao, K., Huang, C.-C., & Yang, Y. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968307301875 · Cited by 147
Impairment-oriented training or Bobath therapy for severe arm paresis after stroke:A single-blind, multicentre randomized controlled trial
Platz, T., Eickhof, C., van Kaick, S., Engel, U., Pinkowski, C., Kalok, S., & Pause, M. (2005) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215505cr904oa · Cited by 146
Prevention of Shoulder Subluxation After Stroke With Electrical Stimulation
Linn, S. L., Granat, M. H., & Lees, K. R. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.5.963 · Cited by 146
STIMULATION WITH LOW FREQUENCY (1.7Hz) TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRIC NERVE STIMULATION (LOW-TENS) INCREASES MOTOR FUNCTION OF THE POST-STROKE PARETIC ARM
Sonde, C. G. L. (1998) · Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/003655098444192 · Cited by 142
Effects of a high-intensity task-oriented training on gait performance early after stroke: a pilot study
Outermans, J., van Peppen, R. P., Wittink, H. M., Takken, T., & Kwakkel, G. (2010) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509360647 · Cited by 142
Self-citation
Effects of intensive therapy using gait trainer or floor walking exercises early after stroke
Peurala, S. H., Airaksinen, O., Huuskonen, P., Jäkälä, P., Juhakoski, M., Sandell, K., Tarkka, I. M., & Sivenius, J. (2009) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-0304 · Cited by 142
Virtual Rehabilitation in an Activity Centre for Community-Dwelling Persons with Stroke
Broeren, J., Claesson, L., Goude, D., Rydmark, M., & Sunnerhagen, K. S. (2008) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000149576 · Cited by 141
Feasibility of a home-based telerehabilitation system compared to usual care: arm/hand function in patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury and multiple sclerosis
Huijgen, B. C. H., Vollenbroek-Hutten, M. M. R., Zampolini, M., Opisso, E., Bernabeu, M., Nieuwenhoven, J. V., Ilsbroukx, S., Magni, R., Giacomozzi, C., Marcellari, V., et al. (2008) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/jtt.2008.080104 · Cited by 141
Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy after Subacute Stroke: A Preliminary Study
Page, S. J., Sisto, S., Johnston, M. V., & Levine, P. (2002) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/154596830201600307 · Cited by 140
Kinematic and Clinical Analyses of Upper-Extremity Movements After Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Wu, C., Chen, C.-L., Tang, S. F. T., Lin, K., & Huang, Y.-Y. (2007) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.05.012 · Cited by 139
Treadmill Aerobic Training Improves Glucose Tolerance and Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Disabled Stroke Survivors
Ivey, F. M., Ryan, A. S., Hafer‐Macko, C. E., Goldberg, A. P., & Macko, R. F. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.490391 · Cited by 139
A Pilot Study of Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial of Gait Training in Subacute Stroke Patients With Partial Body-Weight Support Electromechanical Gait Trainer and Functional Electrical Stimulation
Ng, M. F. W., Tong, R. K., & Li, L. S. W. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.495705 · Cited by 139
Allowing Intralimb Kinematic Variability During Locomotor Training Poststroke Improves Kinematic Consistency: A Subgroup Analysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Lewek, M. D., Cruz, T. H., Moore, J. L., Roth, H., Dhaher, Y. Y., & Hornby, T. G. (2009) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20080180 · Cited by 139
Satisfaction with care in post-stroke patients undergoing a telerehabilitation programme at home
Piron, L., Turolla, A., Tonin, P., Piccione, F., Lain, L., & Dam, M. (2008) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/jtt.2008.080304 · Cited by 138
Interhemispheric Modulation Induced by Cortical Stimulation and Motor Training
Williams, J. A., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Fregni, F. (2010) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20090075 · Cited by 138
Electromechanical and Robot-Assisted Arm Training for Improving Arm Function and Activities of Daily Living After Stroke
Mehrholz, J., Platz, T., Kügler, J., & Pohl, M. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.536219 · Cited by 135
Short-Term Effects of Practice With Trunk Restraint on Reaching Movements in Patients With Chronic Stroke
Michaelsen, S. M., & Levin, M. F. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000132569.33572.75 · Cited by 134
Electromyographic biofeedback to improve lower extremity function after stroke: A meta-analysis
Moreland, J., Thomson, M. A., & Fuoco, A. R. (1998) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(98)90289-1 · Cited by 134
Confounders in Rehabilitation Trials of Task-Oriented Training: Lessons From the Designs of the EXCITE and SCILT Multicenter Trials
Dobkin, B. H. (2006) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968306297329 · Cited by 132
Biofeedback treatment of foot-drop after stroke compared with standard rehabilitation technique: effects on voluntary control and strength.
Basmajian, J. V., Kukulka, C. G., Narayan, M., & Takebe, K. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 132
A comparison of regular rehabilitation and regular rehabilitation with supported treadmill ambulation training for acute stroke patients.
Filho, I. T. C., Lim, P. A. C., Qureshy, H., Henson, H. K., Monga, T. N., & Protas, E. J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 131
Exercise training in a predominantly African-American group of stroke survivors
Rimmer, J. H., Riley, B., Creviston, T., & NICOLA, A. T. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200012000-00004 · Cited by 131
A community-based exercise and education scheme for stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation
Harrington, R., Taylor, G. T., Hollinghurst, S. P., Reed, M., Kay, H. E., & WOOD, V. A. (2009) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509347437 · Cited by 129
The Effects of Bilateral Arm Training on Motor Control and Functional Performance in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study
Lin, K., Chen, Y., Chen, C., Wu, C., & Chang, Y.-F. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309345268 · Cited by 128
Randomized Trial of Distributed Constraint-Induced Therapy Versus Bilateral Arm Training for the Rehabilitation of Upper-Limb Motor Control and Function After Stroke
Wu, C., Chuang, L.-L., Lin, K., Chen, H., & Tsay, P. (2010) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968310380686 · Cited by 128
Thirty minutes of positioning reduces the development of shoulder external rotation contracture after stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Ada, L., Goddard, E., McCully, J., Stavrinos, T. M., & Bampton, J. (2005) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.031 · Cited by 127
Bobath or Motor Relearning Programme? A follow-up one and four years post stroke
Langhammer, B., & Stanghelle, J. (2003) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215503cr670oa · Cited by 127
What Is Repeated in a Repetition? Effects of Practice Conditions on Motor Skill Acquisition
Lee, T. D., Swanson, L. R., & Hall, A. L. (1991) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/71.2.150 · Cited by 127
Comparison of physio ball and plinth trunk exercises regimens on trunk control and functional balance in patients with acute stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Karthikbabu, S., Nayak, A., Vijayakumar, K., Misri, Z., Suresh, B., Ganesan, S., & Joshua, A. M. (2011) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215510397393 · Cited by 126
Continuous passive motion improves shoulder joint integrity following stroke
Lynch, D., Ferraro, M., Krol, J., Trudell, C., Christos, P. J., & Volpe, B. T. (2005) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215505cr901oa · Cited by 126
Improved Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity After Exercise Training in Hemiparetic Stroke Survivors
Ivey, F. M., Ryan, A. S., Hafer‐Macko, C. E., & Macko, R. F. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.607879 · Cited by 123
Biofeedback and functional electric stimulation in stroke rehabilitation.
Cozean, C. R. D., Ws, P., & Sl, H. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 123
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving function and activities of daily living in patients after stroke
Elsner, B., Kügler, J., Pohl, M., & Mehrholz, J. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009645.pub2 · Cited by 122
A randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of intensity of therapy upon length of stay in a neurological rehabilitation setting
Slade, A. L., Tennant, A. H., & Chamberlain, M. A. (2002) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/165019702760390347 · Cited by 122
Bilateral Upper Limb Training With Functional Electric Stimulation in Patients With Chronic Stroke
Chan, M. K.-L., Tong, R. K., & Chung, K. Y. K. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308326428 · Cited by 121
Family-Mediated Exercise Intervention (FAME)
Galvin, R., Cusack, T., O'Grady, E., Murphy, T. B., & Stokes, E. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.594689 · Cited by 121
Motor Learning Principles for Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study in Poststroke Patients
Piron, L., Turolla, A., Agostini, M., Zucconi, C. S., Ventura, L., Tonin, P., & Dam, M. (2010) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968310362672 · Cited by 121
Walking After Stroke: What Does Treadmill Training With Body Weight Support Add to Overground Gait Training in Patients Early After Stroke?
Franceschini, M., Carda, S., Agosti, M., Antenucci, R., Malgrati, D., & Cisari, C. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.555540 · Cited by 120
Robot-Assisted Gait Training for Patients with Hemiparesis Due to Stroke
Fisher, S. P., Lucas, L., & Thrasher, T. A. (2011) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1803-269 · Cited by 117
Efficacy of strategy training in left hemisphere stroke patients with apraxia: A randomised clinical trial
Donkervoort, M., Dekker, J., Stehmann-Saris, F. C., & Deelman, B. G. (2001) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010143000093 · Cited by 117
Overground physical therapy gait training for chronic stroke patients with mobility deficits
States, R. A., Pappas, E., & Salem, Y. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006075.pub2 · Cited by 117
Speed-dependent treadmill training is effective to improve gait and balance performance in patients with sub-acute stroke
Mak, K. Y., & Lau, K. K. (2011) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-0838 · Cited by 116
The influence of early cycling training on balance in stroke patients at the subacute stage. Results of a preliminary trial
Leurer, M. K., Sender, I., Keren, O., & Dvir, Z. (2006) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215505cr960oa · Cited by 116
Imagery Improves Upper Extremity Motor Function in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study
Page, S. J. (2000) · The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/153944920002000304 · Cited by 115
Comparison of Bilateral and Unilateral Training for Upper Extremity Hemiparesis in Stroke
Stoykov, M. E., Lewis, G. N., & Corcos, D. M. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309338190 · Cited by 115
Rehabilitation of limb apraxia improves daily life activities in patients with stroke
Smania, N., Aglioti, S. M., Girardi, F., Tinazzi, M., Fiaschi, A., Cosentino, A., & Corato, E. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000247279.63483.1f · Cited by 115
One session of whole body vibration increases voluntary muscle strength transiently in patients with stroke
Tihanyi, T. K., Horváth, M., Fazekas, G., Hortobágyi, T., & Tihanyi, J. (2007) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215507077814 · Cited by 115
Comparison of Bobath based and movement science based treatment for stroke: a randomised controlled trial
van Vliet, P. M. (2005) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.040436 · Cited by 115 · cited 1×
“NDT was compared with another type of intervention in 37 RCTs (N = 1670, PEDro score range 4 [108,276,527] to 8 [323,366,505]) [50,82,108,118,154,264,269,270,272,273,276,278, 280–282,301–303,305,313,315,316,323,326,333,366,432,457,468, 505,527–534].”
Dealing with heterogeneity of treatment effects: is the literature up to the challenge?
Gabler, N. B., Duan, N., Liao, D., Elmore, J. G., Ganiats, T. G., & Kravitz, R. L. (2009) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-43 · Cited by 114
Best Conventional Therapy Versus Modular Impairment-Oriented Training for Arm Paresis After Stroke: A Single-Blind, Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Platz, T., van Kaick, S., Mehrholz, J., Leidner, O., Eickhof, C., & Pohl, M. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309335974 · Cited by 114
Effects of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Movement Kinematics and Daily Function in Patients With Stroke: A Kinematic Study of Motor Control Mechanisms
Wu, C., Lin, K., Chen, H., Chen, I.-H., & Hong, W. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968307303411 · Cited by 113
Training symmetry of weight distribution after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study comparing task-related reach, Bo bath and feedback training approaches
Mudie, M. H., Winzeler-Mercay, U., Radwan, S., & Lee, L. (2002) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215502cr527oa · Cited by 113
Cortical effect and functional recovery by the electromyography-triggered neuromuscular stimulation in chronic stroke patients
Shin, H.-K., Cho, S. H., Jeon, H., Lee, Y., Song, J. C., Jang, S. H., Lee, C., & Kwon, Y. H. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.026 · Cited by 112
The rehabilitation of limb apraxia: A study in left-brain–damaged patients
Smania, N., Girardi, F., Domenicali, C., Lora, E., & Aglioti, S. M. (2000) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/mr.2000.6921 · Cited by 111
Chronic stroke motor recovery: duration of active neuromuscular stimulation
Cauraugh, J. (2003) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(03)00169-2 · Cited by 111
Effect of Gravity on Robot-Assisted Motor Training After Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Trial
Conroy, S. S., Whitall, J., Dipietro, L., Jones, L. M., Zhan, M., Finley, M. A., Wittenberg, G. F., Krebs, H. I., & Bever, C. T. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.016 · Cited by 110
A randomized controlled trial of strapping to prevent post-stroke shoulder pain
Hanger, H. C., Whitewood, P., Brown, T., Ball, M., Harper, J., Cox, R., & Sainsbury, R. (2000) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215500cr339oa · Cited by 110
Sitting training early after stroke improves sitting ability and quality and carries over to standing up but not to walking: a randomised controlled trial
Dean, C. M., Channon, E. F., & Hall, J. M. (2007) · Australian Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0004-9514(07)70042-9 · Cited by 109
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Muscles Surrounding the Shoulder
Baker, L. L., & Parker, K. C. (1986) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/66.12.1930 · Cited by 109
Stroke motor recovery: active neuromuscular stimulation and repetitive practice schedules
Cauraugh, J. H. (2003) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.11.1562 · Cited by 108
Constraint-Induced Therapy Versus Dose-Matched Control Intervention to Improve Motor Ability, Basic/Extended Daily Functions, and Quality of Life in Stroke
Lin, K., Wu, C., Liu, J., Chen, Y.-T., & Hsu, C.-J. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308320642 · Cited by 108
Effects of Treatment Intensity in Upper Limb Robot-Assisted Therapy for Chronic Stroke
Hsieh, Y., Wu, C., Liao, W.-W., Lin, K., Wu, K., & Lee, C.-Y. (2011) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968310394871 · Cited by 108
A home-based rehabilitation program for the hemiplegic upper extremity by power-assisted functional electrical stimulation
Hara, Y., Ogawa, S., 辻内, 和., & Muraoka, Y. (2008) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280701265539 · Cited by 107
Can forced-use therapy be clinically applied after stroke? an exploratory randomized controlled trial11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.
Ploughman, M., & Corbett, D. (2004) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.018 · Cited by 106
A systematic review of repetitive functional task practice with modelling of resource use, costs and effectiveness
French, B., Leathley, M. J., Sutton, C., McAdam, J. J., Thomas, L., Förster, A., Langhorne, P., Price, C., Walker, A., & Watkins, C. L. (2008) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta12300 · Cited by 106
Electromyographic Biofeedback in the Treatment of the Hemiplegic Hand
Armağan, O., Taşçıoğlu, F., & Öner, C. (2003) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000091984.72486.e0 · Cited by 105
Rehabilitation of walking with electromyographic biofeedback in foot-drop after stroke.
Intiso, D., Santilli, V., Grasso, M. G., Rossi, R., & Caruso, I. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.6.1189 · Cited by 105
The effectiveness of EMG biofeedback in the treatment of arm function after stroke
Crow, J. L., Lincoln, N. B., Nouri, F., & Weerdt, W. D. (1989) · International Disability Studies · doi:10.3109/03790798909166667 · Cited by 104
Longer versus shorter mental practice sessions for affected upper extremity movement after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Page, S. J., Dunning, K. K., Hermann, V. A. H., Leonard, A. C., & Levine, P. (2011) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215510395793 · Cited by 104
Effects of a theory-driven music and movement program for stroke survivors in a community setting
Jeong, S., & Kim, M. T. (2007) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2007.04.005 · Cited by 103
A randomized controlled trial of leisure rehabilitation after stroke
Drummond, A., & Walker, M. F. (1995) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/026921559500900402 · Cited by 103
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupuncture points improves muscle function in subjects after acute stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Yan, T., & Hui-Chan, C. (2009) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-0325 · Cited by 103
Shared responsibility for ongoing rehabilitation: a new approach to home-based therapy after stroke
BASKETT, J. J., Broad, J., Reekie, G., Hocking, C. S., & Green, G. (1999) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/026921599701532090 · Cited by 102
Interventions for Sensory Impairment in the Upper Limb After Stroke
Doyle, S., Bennett, S. H., Fasoli, S. E., & McKenna, K. T. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.604348 · Cited by 101
Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke
Mehrholz, J., Werner, C., Kügler, J., & Pohl, M. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006185.pub2 · Cited by 101
Effect of a Home Leisure Education Program After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Desrosiers, J., Noreau, L., Rochette, A., Carbonneau, H., Fontaine, L., Viscogliosi, C., & Bravo, G. (2007) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.017 · Cited by 100
Efficacy of Functional Strength Training on Restoration of Lower-Limb Motor Function Early After Stroke: Phase I Randomized Controlled Trial
Cooke, E. V., Tallis, R. C., Clark, A., & Pomeroy, V. M. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309343216 · Cited by 100
Task-Oriented Biofeedback to Improve Gait in Individuals With Chronic Stroke: Motor Learning Approach
Jonsdottir, J., Cattaneo, D., Recalcati, M., Regola, A., Rabuffetti, M., Ferrarin, M., & Casiraghi, A. (2010) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309355986 · Cited by 100
A Comparison of Bilateral and Unilateral Upper-Limb Task Training in Early Poststroke Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Morris, J. H., van Wijck, F., Joice, S. A., Ogston, S. A., Cole, I., & MacWalter, R. S. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.039 · Cited by 100
Neural Correlates of Proprioceptive Integration in the Contralesional Hemisphere of Very Impaired Patients Shortly After a Subcortical Stroke: An fMRI Study
Dechaumont-Palacin, S., Marqué, P., Boissezon, X. D., Castel-Lacanal, E., Carel, C., Berry, I., Pastor, J., Albucher, J., Chollet, F., & Loubinoux, I. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968307307118 · Cited by 100
World Confederation for Physical Therapy
McKay, E. (1959) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/39.1.36 · Cited by 100
A randomized controlled trial of enhanced Social Service occupational therapy for stroke patients
Logan, P., Ahern, J., Gladman, J., & Lincoln, N. (1997) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/026921559701100203 · Cited by 99
A control study of muscle force recovery in hemiparetic patients during treatment with functional electrical stimulation.
Merletti, R., Zelaschi, F., Latella, D., Galli, M., Angeli, S., & Sessa, M. B. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 98
Influence of Combined Afferent Stimulation and Task-Specific Training Following Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
McDonnell, M. N., Hillier, S., Miles, T. S., Thompson, P. D., & Ridding, M. C. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968307300437 · Cited by 98
Positional feedback and electrical stimulation: an automated treatment for the hemiplegic wrist.
Bowman, B. R., Baker, L. L., & Waters, R. L. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 97
Regenerate: assessing the feasibility of a strength‐training program to enhance the physical and mental health of chronic post stroke patients with depression
Sims, J., Galea, M. P., Taylor, N. F., Dodd, K., Jespersen, S., Joubert, L., & Joubert, L. (2008) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2082 · Cited by 96
Does an early increased-intensity interdisciplinary upper limb therapy programme following acute stroke improve outcome?
Rodgers, H., Mackintosh, J. E., Price, C., Wood, R., McNamee, P., Fearon, T., Marritt, A., & Curless, R. H. (2003) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215503cr652oa · Cited by 96
Combined Botulinum Toxin Type A With Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Chronic Stroke Patients With Upper Extremity Spasticity: A Randomized Controlled Study
Sun, S., Hsu, C.-W., Sun, H.-P., Hwang, C.-W., Yang, C.-L., & Wang, J. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309341060 · Cited by 95
HandTutorTM enhanced hand rehabilitation after stroke — a pilot study
Carmeli, E., Peleg, S., Bartur, G., Elbo, E., & Vatine, J. (2010) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.485 · Cited by 95
Facilitation of Sensory and Motor Recovery by Thermal Intervention for the Hemiplegic Upper Limb in Acute Stroke Patients
Chen, J.-C., Liang, C., & Shaw, F. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000189992.06654.ab · Cited by 95
Segmental Muscle Vibration Improves Walking in Chronic Stroke Patients With Foot Drop: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Paoloni, M., Mangone, M., Scettri, P., Procaccianti, R., Cometa, A., & Santilli, V. (2009) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968309349940 · Cited by 95
Functional Reorganization and Recovery After Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Subacute Stroke: Case Reports
Ro, T., Noser, E., Boake, C., Johnson, R. M., Gaber, M., Speroni, A., Bernstein, M., Joya, A. D., Burgin, W., Zhang, L., et al. (2006) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554790500493415 · Cited by 95
Effects of Electric Stimulation−Assisted Cycling Training in People With Chronic Stroke
Janssen, T. W. J., Beltman, J. M., Elich, P., Koppe, P. A., Konijnenbelt, H., HAAN, A. D., & Gerrits, K. H. L. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.028 · Cited by 95
Progressive resistance strengthening exercises after stroke: a single-blind randomized controlled trial 1,41No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.4Reprints are not available.
Moreland, J., Goldsmith, C. H., Huijbregts, M. P. J., Anderson, R. E., Prentice, D., Brunton, K., O’Brien, M. A., & Torresin, W. (2003) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00360-5 · Cited by 94
Effect of Force-Feedback Treatments in Patients with Chronic Motor Deficits After a Stroke
Bourbonnais, D., Bilodeau, S., Lepage, Y., Beaudoin, N., Gravel, D., & Forget, R. (2002) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00002060-200212000-00002 · Cited by 94
Functional Outcomes Can Vary by Dose: Learning-Based Sensorimotor Training for Patients Stable Poststroke
Byl, N. N., Pitsch, E. A., & Abrams, G. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308317431 · Cited by 94
Heterogeneity of Stroke Pathophysiology and Neuroprotective Clinical Trial Design
Muir, K. W. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000018684.86293.ab · Cited by 94
A Systematic Review Within the Framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group
Heymans, M. W., van Tulder, M. W., Esmail, R., Bombardier, C., & Koes, B. W. (2005) · Cited by 94
A study on additional early physiotherapy after stroke and factors affecting functional recovery
Fang, Y., Chen, X., Li, H., Lin, J., Huang, R., & Zeng, I. (2003) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215503cr655oa · Cited by 92
Mental practice improves hand function after hemiparetic stroke
Müller, K., Bütefisch, C. M., Seitz, R. J., & Hömberg, V. (2007) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2007-00407 · Cited by 90
Training of Reaching in Stroke Survivors With Severe and Chronic Upper Limb Paresis Using a Novel Nonrobotic Device
Barker, R. N., Brauer, S., & Carson, R. G. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.498485 · Cited by 90
Balance outcomes after additional sit-to-stand training in subjects with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Tung, F.-L., Yang, Y., Lee, C.-C., & Wang, R. (2010) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509360751 · Cited by 90
Supportive devices for preventing and treating subluxation of the shoulder after stroke
Ada, L., Foongchomcheay, A., & Canning, C. G. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003863.pub2 · Cited by 90
The Effects of Constraint-Induced Therapy on Precision Grip: A Preliminary Study
Alberts, J. L., Butler, A. J., & Wolf, S. L. (2004) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968304271370 · Cited by 89
Effectiveness of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral task training for arm during the subacute phase after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Desrosiers, J., Bourbonnais, D., Corriveau, H., Gosselin, S., & Bravo, G. (2005) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215505cr896oa · Cited by 89
Effects of Trunk Restraint Combined With Intensive Task Practice on Poststroke Upper Extremity Reach and Function: A Pilot Study
Woodbury, M. L., Howland, D. R., McGuirk, T. E., Davis, S. B., Senesac, C., Kautz, S. A., & Richards, L. G. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308318836 · Cited by 89
Manual stretch: effect on finger movement control and force control in stroke subjects with spastic extrinsic finger flexor muscles.
Carey, J. R. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 88
Electrical stimulation of the upper extremity in stroke: cyclic versus EMG-triggered stimulation
de Kroon, J. R., & IJzerman, M. J. (2008) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215508088984 · Cited by 88
Can we improve gait skills in chronic hemiplegics? A randomised control trial with gait trainer.
Dias, D., Laíns, J., Pereira, A., Nunes, R. F. R., Caldas, J., do Amaral, C. M. S., Pires, S., Costa, A., Alves, P., Moreira, M., et al. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 88
Effects of facilitation exercise techniques in stroke rehabilitation.
Stern, P. H., MCDOWELL, F. H., Miller, J. M., & Robinson, M. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 87
Does electrical stimulation reduce spasticity after stroke? A randomized controlled study
Bakhtiary, A. H., & Fatemy, E. (2008) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215507084008 · Cited by 87
Rehabilitation of postural disturbances of hemiplegic patients by using trunk control retraining during exploratory exercises
de Sèze, M., Wiart, L., Saint-Côme, A. B., Debelleix, X., de Sèze, M., Joseph, P., Mazaux, J., & Barat, M. (2001) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.0820793 · Cited by 86
Dose-Response Relation Between Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Upper-Extremity Function in Patients With Stroke
Hsu, S.-S., Hu, M., Wang, Y., Yip, P., Chiu, J., & Hsieh, C. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.574160 · Cited by 85
Motor Training of Upper Extremity With Functional Electrical Stimulation in Early Stroke Rehabilitation
Mangold, S., Schuster‐Amft, C., Keller, T., Andrea, Z.-S., & Ettlin, T. M. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308324548 · Cited by 85
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) May Modify the Poor Prognosis of Stroke Survivors with Severe Motor Loss of the Upper Extremity
Alon, G., Levitt, A. F., & McCarthy, P. (2008) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0b013e31817fabc1 · Cited by 84
Long-term effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for promoting motor recovery of the upper extremity after stroke
Yan, T., & Lin, Z. (2011) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-0807 · Cited by 84
The effect of early aerobic training on independence six months post stroke
Leurer, M. K., Carmeli, E., & Shochina, M. (2003) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215503cr671oa · Cited by 84
Vertical ground reaction force feedback to enhance stroke patients' symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising/sitting down
Engardt, M., Ribbe, T., & Olsson, E. (1993) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/1650197719934148 · Cited by 84
Randomized Trial of Treadmill Walking With Body Weight Support to Establish Walking in Subacute Stroke
Ada, L., Dean, C. M., Morris, M. E., Simpson, J. M., & Katrak, P. H. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.569483 · Cited by 83
A pilot study of activity-based therapy in the arm motor recovery post stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Rabadi, M. H., Galgano, M. A., Lynch, D., Akerman, M. B., LESSER, M. L., & Volpe, B. T. (2008) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215508095358 · Cited by 83
Neuroprosthesis for Retraining Reaching and Grasping Functions in Severe Hemiplegic Patients
Popović, M. R., Thrasher, T. A., Zivanovic, V., Takaki, J., & Hajek, V. E. (2005) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/j.1094-7159.2005.05221.x · Cited by 83
Treadmill walking with body weight support in subacute non-ambulatory stroke improves walking capacity more than overground walking: a randomised trial
Dean, C. M., Ada, L., Bampton, J., Morris, M. E., Katrak, P. H., & Potts, S. (2010) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s1836-9553(10)70039-4 · Cited by 83
How feasible is the attainment of community ambulation after stroke? A pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate community-based physiotherapy in subacute stroke
Lord, S. E., McPherson, K. M., McNaughton, H., Rochester, L., & Weatherall, M. (2007) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215507081922 · Cited by 82
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on Barthel Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Index score following stroke
Tekeolu, Y., Adak, B., & Goksoy, T. (1998) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/026921598672873816 · Cited by 81
Stroke patients and long-term training: is it worthwhile? A randomized comparison of two different training strategies after rehabilitation
Langhammer, B., Lindmark, B., & Stanghelle, J. K. (2007) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215507075207 · Cited by 81
Effects of Extra Training on the Ability of Stroke Survivors to Perform an Independent Sit-to-Stand: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Barreca, S. R., Sigouin, C. S., Lambert, C. L., & Ansley, B. J. (2004) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/00139143-200408000-00004 · Cited by 81
Upper-Extremity Functional Electric Stimulation–Assisted Exercises on a Workstation in the Subacute Phase of Stroke Recovery
Kowalczewski, J. A., Gritsenko, V., Ashworth, N. L., ELLAWAY, P. H., & Procházka, A. (2007) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.03.036 · Cited by 80
Sensory Retraining of the Lower Limb After Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Lynch, E. A., Hillier, S., Stiller, K. R., Campanella, R. R., & Fisher, P. H. (2007) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.010 · Cited by 79
Impaired Leg Vasodilatory Function After Stroke
Ivey, F. M., Hafer‐Macko, C. E., Ryan, A. S., & Macko, R. F. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.599977 · Cited by 79
Effects of balance training on hemiplegic stroke patients.
Chen, I., Cheng, P.-T., Chen, C., Chen, S.-C., Chung, C.-Y., & Yeh, T. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 78
Is dosage of physiotherapy a critical factor in deciding patterns of recovery from stroke: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Partridge, C. J., Mackenzie, M., Edwards, S., Reid, A., Jayawardena, S., Guck, N., & Potter, J. (2000) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.203 · Cited by 78
Effects of Conventional Physical Therapy and Functional Strength Training on Upper Limb Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Phase II Study
Donaldson, C., Tallis, R. C., Miller, S., Sunderland, A., Lemon, R., & Pomeroy, V. M. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308326635 · Cited by 78
Does the use of TENS increase the effectiveness of exercise for improving walking after stroke? A randomized controlled clinical trial
Ng, S. S. M., & Hui-Chan, C. W. Y. (2009) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509342327 · Cited by 78
Effectiveness of Functional Training, Active Exercise, and Resistive Exercise for Patients with Hemiplegia
Inaba, M., Edberg, E., Montgomery, J., & Gillis, M. K. (1973) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/53.1.28 · Cited by 77
Temporal and spatial control following bilateral versus unilateral training
Waller, S. M., Liu, W., & Whitall, J. (2008) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2008.03.006 · Cited by 77
The Effect of Electromyographic Biofeedback Treatment in Improving Upper Extremity Functioning of Patients with Hemiplegic Stroke
Doğan-Aslan, M., Yuzer, G. F. N., Doğan, A., Karabay, İ., & Özgirgin, N. (2010) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.06.006 · Cited by 76
Does functional strength training of the leg in subacute stroke improve physical performance? A pilot randomized controlled trial
Bale, M., & Strand, L. I. (2008) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215508090092 · Cited by 76
An Investigation of Involvement in Leisure Activities After a Stroke
Jongbloed, L. E., & Morgan, D. (1991) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.45.5.420 · Cited by 76
Feedback of ankle joint angle and soleus electromyography in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic gait
Colborne, G., Olney, S. J., & Griffin, M. P. (1993) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/0003-9993(93)90069-m · Cited by 76
Rehabilitation of Reaching After Stroke: Comparing 2 Training Protocols Utilizing Trunk Restraint
Thielman, G., Kaminski, T. R., & Gentile, A. M. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308315998 · Cited by 75
Reduced skilfulness of arm motor behaviour among motor stroke patients with good clinical recovery: does it indicate reduced automaticity? Can it be improved by unilateral or bilateral training? A kinematic motion analysis study
Platz, T., Bock, S., & Prass, K. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00005-7 · Cited by 75
Cycling induced by functional electrical stimulation improves the muscular strength and the motor control of individuals with post-acute stroke. Europa Medicophysica-SIMFER 2007 Award Winner.
Ferrante, S., Pedrocchi, A., Ferrigno, G., & Molteni, F. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 74
Virtual reality training for stroke rehabilitation
Lam, Y. S., Man, D. W. K., Tam, S. F., & Weiss, P. L. (2006) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-2006-21308 · Cited by 74

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 591 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 26

Cohen J (1977) Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. New York: Academic Press.
T Grant, 1997, Balance retraining following acute stroke: a comparison of two methods, Can J Rehabil, 11, 69
V Kerdoncuff, 2004, [Interest of visual biofeedback training in rehabilitation of balance after stroke], Ann Readapt Med Phys, 47, 169
F Heller, 2005, [Postural biofeedback and locomotion reeducation in stroke patients], Ann Readapt Med Phys, 48, 187
H Barbeau, 2003, Optimal outcomes obtained with body-weight support combined with treadmill training in stroke subjects, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84, 1458
L Ada, 2003, A treadmill and overground walking program improves walking in persons residing in the community after stroke: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84, 1486
H Argstatter, 2007, Music therapy in motor rehabilitation. Evaluation of a musicomedical gait training programfor hemiparetic stroke patients [Musiktherapie in der neurologischen Rehabilitation. Evaluation eines musikmedizinischen Behandlungskonzepts für die Gangrehabilitation von hemiparetischen Patienten nach Schlaganfall], Neurol Rehabil, 13, 159
K Chu, 2004, Water-based exercise for cardiovascular fitness in people with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 85, 870
Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party (2012) National clinical guideline for stroke, 4th edition. London: Royal College of Physicians.
C Torriani, 2008, Effect of foot motor and sensorial stimulation hemiparetic in stroke patients, Rev Neurocienc, 16, 25
J Heckmann, 1997, EMG-triggered electrical muscle stimulation in the treatment of central hemiparesis after a stroke, Eur J Phys Med Rehabil, 7, 138
M Ploughman, 2004, Can forced-use therapy be clinically applied after stroke? An exploratory randomized controlled trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 85, 1417
M Heidari, 2011, Comparison of mobilizing and immobilizing splints on hand motor function in stroke patients: a randomized clinical trial, QOM University Med Sci J, 4, 48
S Page, 2004, Efficacy of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 85, 14
A Mayr, 2008, [ARMOR: an electromechanical robot for upper limb training following stroke. A prospective randomised controlled pilot study], Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir, 40, 66
K Liu, 2004, Mental imagery for promoting relearning for people after stroke: a randomized controlled trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 85, 1403
J Crosbie, 2007, Virtual reality in the rehabilitation of the upper limb following hemiplegic stroke: a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), UK Stroke Forum Conference, 2007, 9
T Sentandreu Mano, 2011, [Electrical stimulation in the treatment of the spastic hemiplegic hand after stroke: a ramdomized study], Med Clin (Barc), 137, 297
K Smith, 1979, Biofeedback in strokes, Aust J Physiother, 25, 155
J Williams, 1982, Use of electromyographic biofeedback for pain reduction in the spastic hemiplegic shoulder: a pilot study, Physiother Can, 34, 327
J Moreland, 2003, Progressive resistance strengthening exercises after stroke: a single-blind randomized controlled trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84, 1433
S Singh, 2008, Closed versus open kinematic chain exercises on gait performance in subacute stroke patients, Physiother Occup Ther J, 1, 73
M Lippert-Grüner, 1999, Muskelkrafttraining in der Rehabilitation des zentral paretischen Armes, Neurol Rehabil, 5, 275
G Thielman, 2004, Rehabilitation of reaching after stroke: task-related training versus progressive resistive exercise, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 85, 1613
A Kamps, 2005, Cyclic movement training of the lower limb in stroke rehabilitation, Neurol Rehabil, 11, S1
B Dobke, 2010, Apparativ-assistive Bewegungstherapie in der Schlaganfallrehabilitation, Neurol Rehabil, 16, 173

Sorted by citations

Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation
Laver, K., George, S., Thomas, S., Deutsch, J. E., & Crotty, M. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008349.pub3 · Cited by 1,162
Interventions for improving upper limb function after stroke
Pollock, A., Farmer, S. E., Brady, M. C., Langhorne, P., Mead, G. E., Mehrholz, J., & van Wijck, F. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010820.pub2 · Cited by 909
Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation
Laver, K. E., Lange, B., George, S., Deutsch, J. E., Saposnik, G., & Crotty, M. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008349.pub4 · Cited by 800
Advances and challenges in stroke rehabilitation
Stinear, C. M., Lang, C. E., Zeiler, S., & Byblow, W. D. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30415-6 · Cited by 792
Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke
French, B., Thomas, L. H., Coupe, J., McMahon, N. E., Connell, L., Harrison, J., Sutton, C., Tishkovskaya, S., & Watkins, C. L. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006073.pub3 · Cited by 746

See all 1,203

Authors: Veerbeek, J. M., van Wegen, E., van Peppen, R., van der Wees, P. J., Hendriks, E., Rietberg, M., & Kwakkel, G.
Affiliations: Amsterdam Movement Sciences (NL)
Maastricht University (NL)
Reade (NL)
Corresponding author: Kwakkel, Gert
ORCID: Veerbeek, Janne Marieke
Rietberg, Marc
Kwakkel, Gert
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2014-02-04
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Pages: e87987
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087987
PMC: PMC3913786
OpenAlex: W2075019019
Cited by: 1,203
References: 591
Citations by year: 2026: 67 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 20
FWCI: 11.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Royal Society
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Koninklijk Nederlands Genootschap voor Fysiotherapie
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Keywords: physiotherapy, stroke rehabilitation, gait training, activities of daily living, physical fitness, sitting balance, motor function, muscle strength, task-oriented training, repeated practice, rehabilitation timing, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
MeSH terms: Stroke Rehabilitation, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Stroke, Physical Therapy Modalities, Muscle Strength

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

What Is the Evidence for Physical Therapy Poststroke? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks