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Cited by 176Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesHealth Education and ValidationAnesthesia and Pain Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Validation of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire in Adult Patients Waiting for Elective Surgery

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Theunissen, Maurice, Peters, Madelon L., Schouten, Erik G. W., Fiddelers, Audrey A. A., Willemsen, Mark G. A., Pinto, Patrícia R., Gramke, Hans-Fritz, Marcus, Marco A. E.·2014·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0100225PMC PMC4069058
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Because existing instruments for assessing surgical fear seem either too general or too limited, the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) was developed. The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the SFQ. METHODS: Based on existing literature and expert consultation the ten-item SFQ was composed. Data on the SFQ were obtained from 5 prospective studies (N = 3233) in inpatient or day surgery patients. These data were used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability analysis and validity analysis. RESULTS: EFA in Study 1 and 2 revealed a two-factor structure with one factor associated with fear of the short-term consequences of surgery (SFQ-s, item 1-4) and the other factor with fear of the long-term consequences of surgery (SFQ-l, item 5-10). However, in both studies two items of the SFQ-l had low factor loadings. Therefore in Study 3 and 4 the 2-factor structure was tested and confirmed by CFA in an eight-item version of the SFQ. Across all studies significant correlations of the SFQ with pain catastrophizing, state anxiety, and preoperative pain intensity indicated good convergent validity. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was between 0.765-0.920 (SFQ-total), 0.766-0.877 (SFQ-s), and 0.628-0.899 (SFQ-l). The SFQ proved to be sensitive to detect differences based on age, sex, education level, employment status and preoperative pain intensity. DISCUSSION: The SFQ is a valid and reliable eight-item index of surgical fear consisting of two subscales: fear of the short-term consequences of surgery and fear of the long-term consequences.

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Authors
Theunissen, M., Peters, M. L., Schouten, E. G. W., Fiddelers, A. A. A., Willemsen, M. G. A., Pinto, P. R., Gramke, H.-F., & Marcus, M. A. E.
Affiliations
  • Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
  • Maastricht University (NL)
  • University of Minho (PT)
Corresponding author
Theunissen, Maurice
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2014-06-24
Volume
9
Issue
6
Pages
e100225
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0100225
PMC
PMC4069058
OpenAlex
W2152421797
Cited by
176
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5
FWCI
12.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2016-09-09)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • ZonMw (110000007)
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
Keywords
surgical fear, preoperative anxiety, psychometric validation, factor structure, pain catastrophizing, state anxiety, elective surgery, questionnaire reliability
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Reproducibility of Results, Self Report

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