Preoperative Anxiety and Catastrophizing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association With Chronic Postsurgical Pain
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Anxiety and pain catastrophizing predict acute postoperative pain. However, it is not well established whether they also predict chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether high levels of preoperative anxiety or pain catastrophizing are associated with an increased risk of CPSP. METHODS: Electronic search databases included PubMed and PsychINFO. Additional literature was obtained by reference tracking and expert consultation. Studies from 1958 until October 2010, investigating the association between preoperative anxiety or pain catastrophizing and CPSP in adult surgery patients, were assessed. The primary outcome was the presence of pain at least 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included; 14 instruments were used to assess anxiety or pain catastrophizing. Sixteen studies (55%) reported a statistically significant association between anxiety or pain catastrophizing and CPSP. The proportion of studies reporting a statistically significant association was 67% for studies of musculoskeletal surgery and 36% for other types of surgery. There was no association with study quality, but larger studies were more likely to report a statistically significant relationship. The overall pooled odds ratio, on the basis of 15 studies, ranged from 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.20) to 2.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.49-2.95). Pain catastrophizing might be of higher predictive utility compared with general anxiety or more specific pain-related anxiety. DISCUSSION: There is evidence that anxiety and catastrophizing play a role in the development of CPSP. We recommend that anxiety measures should be incorporated in future studies investigating the prediction and transition from acute to chronic postoperative pain.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The most frequent psychological risk factors for CPSP and fatigue include anxiety, such as hypervigilance and pain catastrophizing.
“The most frequent tap into anxiety, such as hypervigilance and pain catastrophizing [24–28].”
From Pre- and post-operative psychological interventions to prevent pain and fatigue after breast cancer surgery (PREVENT): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
The Discussion reports that preoperative anxiety or pain catastrophizing was significantly associated with chronic postsurgical pain in 16 of 29 studies. The paper does not establish that these are the most frequent psychological risk factors, and the cited passages do not address fatigue or identify hypervigilance as a risk factor. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPositive outcome expectancy has been identified as a protective factor in the transition from acute to chronic pain.
“Positive outcome expectancy has been identified as a protective factorfrom the transition from acute to chronic pain 354–356.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [355]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008 · Cited by 17,893 · see citing works
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010 · Cited by 17,796 · see citing works
Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit
Cohen, J. (1968) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0026256 · Cited by 8,736 · see citing works
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252 · see citing works
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227 · see citing works
Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention
Kehlet, H., Jensen, T. S., & Woolf, C. J. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68700-x · Cited by 4,086 · see citing works
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.012 · Cited by 2,698 · see citing works
The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: Current state of scientific evidence
Leeuw, M., Goossens, M. E. J. B., Linton, S. J., Crombez, G., Boersma, K., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9085-0 · Cited by 2,261 · see citing works
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.07.045120 · Cited by 1,632 · see citing works
Pain catastrophizing: a critical review.
Quartana, P. J., Campbell, C. M., & Edwards, R. R. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.34 · Cited by 1,405 · see citing works
Chronic Pain as an Outcome of Surgery
Perkins, F. M., & Kehlet, H. (2000) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200010000-00038 · Cited by 1,336 · see citing works
Predictors of Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Consumption: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Ip, H. Y. V., Abrishami, A., Peng, P. W. H., Wong, J., & Chung, F. (2009) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181aae87a · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Acute Pain after Thoracic Surgery Predicts Long-Term Post-Thoracotomy Pain
Katz, J., Jackson, M., Kavanagh, B. P., & Sandler, A. N. (1996) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199603000-00009 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain: risk factors and protective factors
Katz, J., & Seltzer, Z. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.20 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Macrae, W. A. (2001) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/87.1.88 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Ranawat Award Paper: Predicting Total Knee Replacement Pain
Brander, V. A., Stulberg, S. D., Adams, A. D., Harden, R. N., Bruehl, S. P., Stanos, S. P., & Houle, T. T. (2003) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000092983.12414.e9 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Chronic Pain Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Study
Poleshuck, E. L., Katz, J., Andrus, C. H., Hogan, L. A., Jung, B. F., Kulick, D. I., & Dworkin, R. H. (2006) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.02.007 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Boos, N., Rieder, R., Schade, V., Spratt, K. F., Semmer, N. K., & Aebi, M. (1995) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199512150-00002 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Psychosocial predictors and correlates for chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP)—a systematic review.
Hinrichs‐Rocker, A., Schulz, K., Järvinen, I., Lefering, R., Simanski, C., & Neugebauer, E. A. M. (2009) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.07.015 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Granot, M., & Ferber, S. G. (2005) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000135236.12705.2d · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Predictive Risk Factors for Persistent Postherniotomy Pain
Aasvang, E. K., Gmaehle, E., Hansen, J. B., Gmaehle, B., Forman, J. L., Schwarz, J., Bittner, R., & Kehlet, H. (2010) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181d31ff8 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Preoperative Pain Catastrophizing Predicts Pain Outcome after Knee Arthroplasty
Riddle, D. L., Wade, J. B., Jiranek, W. A., & Kong, X. (2009) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-009-0963-y · Cited by 409 · see citing works
(1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Celestin, J., Edwards, R. R., & Jamison, R. N. (2009) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00632.x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Somatic and Psychologic Predictors of Long-term Unfavorable Outcome After Surgical Intervention
Peters, M. L., Sommer, M., de Rijke, J. M., Kessels, F., Heineman, E., Patijn, J., Marcus, M. A. E., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & van Kleef, M. (2007) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000245495.79781.65 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationA Prospective Study of Psychological Predictors of Lumbar Surgery Outcome
Trief, P. M., Grant, W. D., & Fredrickson, B. E. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200010150-00012 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Cut and thrust: antecedent surgery and trauma among patients attending a chronic pain clinic
Crombie, I. K., Davies, H. T. O., & Macrae, W. A. (1998) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00038-4 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Assessment of state and trait anxiety: Conceptual and methodological issues.
Spielberger, C. D. (1985) · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Catastrophizing: a risk factor for postsurgical pain
Pavlin, D. J., Sullivan, M. J. L., Freund, P. R., & Roesen, K. (2005) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200501000-00010 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
THE JOHN INSALL AWARD: Pain and Depression Influence Outcome 5 Years after Knee Replacement Surgery
Brander, V. A., Gondek, S. P., Martin, E. J., & Stulberg, S. D. (2007) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/blo.0b013e318126c032 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Forsythe, M. E., Dunbar, M., Hennigar, A. W., Sullivan, M. J. L., & Gross, M. (2008) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2008/730951 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Munafo, M. R., & Stevenson, J. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00258-6 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Harden, N. R., Bruehl, S. P., Stanos, S. P., Brander, V. A., Chung, O. Y., Saltz, S., Adams, A., & Stulberg, D. S. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.08.009 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Predictors of acute postoperative pain after elective surgery
Sommer, M., de Rijke, J. M., van Kleef, M., Kessels, A. G. H., Peters, M. L., Geurts, J. W., Patijn, J., Gramke, H.-F., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2010) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181b43d68 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Catastrophizing in the Prediction of Postoperative Pain
Papaioannou, M., Skapinakis, P., Damigos, D., Mavreas, V., Broumas, G., & Palgimesi, A. (2009) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00730.x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Edwards, R. R., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Smith, M. T., Klick, B., & Katz, J. N. (2009) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2009/273783 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
den Boer, J. J., Oostendorp, R. A. B., Beems, T., Munneke, M., Oerlemans, M., & Evers, A. W. M. (2006) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-005-0910-x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Schade, V., Semmer, N. K., Main, C. J., Hora, J., & Boos, N. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00210-3 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Does Preoperative Anxiety Level Predict Postoperative Pain?
Vaughn, F., Wichowski, H. C., & Bosworth, G. (2007) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/s0001-2092(07)60130-6 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Continued disability and pain after lumbar disc surgery: The role of cognitive-behavioral factors
den Boer, J. J., Oostendorp, R. A. B., Beems, T., Munneke, M., & Evers, A. W. M. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.02.008 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
George, S. Z., Wallace, M. R., Wright, T. W., Moser, M. W., Greenfield, W. H., Sack, B. K., Herbstman, D. M., & Fillingim, R. B. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.019 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Gramke, H., de Rijke, J. M., van Kleef, M., Raps, F., Kessels, A. G. H., Peters, M. L., Sommer, M., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2007) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e318074c970 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationSingh, J. A., & Lewallen, D. G. (2009) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-009-1267-z · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Prevalence and Predictors of Postoperative Pain After Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery
Sommer, M., Geurts, J. W. J. M., Stessel, B., Kessels, A. G. H., Peters, M. L., Patijn, J., van Kleef, M., Kremer, B., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2009) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archoto.2009.3 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationBrander, V. A., Gondek, S. P., Martin, E., & Stulberg, S. D. (2007) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Predictive Factors of Postoperative Pain After Day-case Surgery
Gramke, H., de Rijke, J. M., van Kleef, M., Kessels, A. G. H., Peters, M. L., Sommer, M., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2009) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31819a6e34 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationPath Model of Psychological Antecedents to Pain Experience
Sullivan, M. J. L., Thorn, B. E., Rodgers, W. M., & Ward, L. C. (2004) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200405000-00006 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Risk Factors for Pain Persisting 4 Months After Hysterectomy
Brandsborg, B., Dueholm, M., Nikolajsen, L., Kehlet, H., & Jensen, T. S. (2009) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31819655ca · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Gerbershagen, H. U., Dagtekin, O., Rothe, T., Heidenreich, A., Gerbershagen, K., Sabatowski, R., Petzke, F. W., & Özgür, E. (2008) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.10.001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Chronic postherniorrhaphy pain – a call for uniform assessment
Kehlet, H., Bay‐Nielsen, M., & Kingsnorth, A. N. (2002) · Hernia · doi:10.1007/s10029-002-0082-0 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Gerbershagen, H. U., Özgür, E., Dagtekin, O., Straub, K., Hahn, M., Heidenreich, A., Sabatowski, R., & Petzke, F. W. (2009) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.11.020 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Richardson, C., Glenn, S. M., Horgan, M. F., & Nurmikko, T. J. (2007) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.05.007 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Predictors of physical and emotional recovery 6 and 12 months after surgery
Peters, M. L., Sommer, M., van Kleef, M., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2010) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.7152 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationFear in Arthroplasty Surgery: The Role of Race
Lavernia, C. J., Alcerro, J. C., & Rossi, M. D. (2009) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-009-1101-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Multimodal analgesia before thoracic surgery does not reduce postoperative paint †
Kavanagh, B. P., Katz, J. D., Sandler, A. N., Nierenberg, H., Roger, S., Boylan, J. F., & Laws, A. (1994) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/73.2.184 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Johansson, A., Linton, S. J., Rosenblad, A., Bergkvist, L., & Nilsson, O. (2009) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638280903177243 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Hickey, O. T., Burke, S. M., Hafeez, P., Mudrakouski, A. L., Hayes, I., & Shorten, G. (2010) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181dee988 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mood and Attitude Predict Pain Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
Rosenberger, P. H., Kerns, R. D., Jokl, P., & Ickovics, J. R. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9078-z · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Graver, V., Ljunggren, A. E., Malt, U. F., Loeb, M. E., Haaland, A. K., Magnæs, B., & Lie, H. (1995) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)00148-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
S�rensen, L. V., Mors, O. N., & Skovlund, O. (1987) · Acta Neurochirurgica · doi:10.1007/bf01404148 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ene, K. W., Nordberg, G., Johansson, F. G., & Sjöström, B. (2006) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/1472-6955-5-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Vancleef, L. M. G., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Peters, M. L. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016246 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationde Groot, K. I., Boeke, S., van den Berge, H. J., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Bonke, B., & Passchier, J. (1997) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00538.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Validation of a short version of the Camberwell Family Interview.
Mueser, K. T., Bellack, A. S., & Wade, J. H. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.4.524 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kjellby-Wendt, G., STYF, J. R., & Carlsson, S. G. (1999) · Journal of Spinal Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002517-199910000-00004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Kjellby-Wendt, G., STYF, J. R., & Carlsson, S. G. (1999) · Journal of Spinal Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002517-199912050-00004 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Huber C, Lautenbacher S. The relevance of psychological variables in postoperative pain -Psychological variables and postoperative pain. Anasth Intensivmed. 2008;49:1-16.
- Joanna Briggs Institute. Joanna Briggs Insitute Reviewers' Manual: 2008 edition. 2008 ed. Adelaide: The Joanna Briggs Institute; 2008.
- Brander VA, Stulberg SD, Adams AD, et al. Predicting total knee replacement pain: a prospective, observational study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;416:27-36.
- Brander V, Gondek S, Martin E, et al. Pain and depression influence outcome 5 years after knee replacement surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;464:21-26.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Halvorsen, S., Mehilli, J., Cassese, S., Hall, T. S., Abdelhamid, M., Barbato, E., Hert, S. G. D., de Laval, I., Geisler, T., Hinterbuchner, L., et al. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac270 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
Handbook of Religion and Health
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.001.0001 · Cited by 1,150 · see citing works
Transition from acute to chronic pain after surgery
Glare, P., Aubrey, K. R., & Myles, P. S. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30352-6 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes
Meints, S. M., & Edwards, R. R. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.017 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Chronic postsurgical pain in Europe: An observational study
Fletcher, D., Stamer, U. M., Pogatzki-Zahn, E., Zaslansky, R., Tanase, N. V., Perruchoud, C., Kranke, P., Komann, M., Lehman, T., & Meissner, W. (2015) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/eja.0000000000000319 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Inappropriate opioid prescription after surgery
Neuman, M. D., Bateman, B. T., & Wunsch, H. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30428-3 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Katz, J., Weinrib, A., Fashler, S., Katznelson, R., Shah, B., Ladak, S., Jiang, J., Li, Q., McMillan, K., Santa Mina, D., et al. (2015) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s91924 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
“Our data and that from other published literature clearly show the following factors reliably predict CPSP across a range of surgical procedures: perioperative pain (the presence and intensity of preoperative pain, high intensity acute postoperative pain), perioperative opioid use,(20,26) preoperative negative affecti…”
When pain gets stuck: the evolution of pain chronification and treatment resistance
Borsook, D., Youssef, A. M., Simons, L., Elman, I., & Eccleston, C. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001401 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Rogers, A. H., & Farris, S. G. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1994 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
The anatomy of pain and suffering in the brain and its clinical implications
Ridder, D. D., Adhia, D. B., & Vanneste, S. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.013 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Psychological factors, prehabilitation and surgical outcomes: evidence and future directions
Levett, D. Z. H., & Grimmett, C. (2019) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14507 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Risk stratification for the development of chronic postsurgical pain
Schug, S. A., & Bruce, J. (2017) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000627 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationAbate, S. M., Chekole, Y. A., & Basu, B. (2020) · International Journal of Surgery Open · doi:10.1016/j.ijso.2020.05.010 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Continued Opioid Use One to Two Months After Surgery for Musculoskeletal Trauma
Helmerhorst, G. T. T., Vranceanu, A., Vrahas, M. S., Smith, M., & Ring, D. (2014) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.l.01406 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Tompkins, D. A., Hobelmann, J. G., & Compton, P. A. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.002 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Belfer, I., Schreiber, K. L., Shaffer, J. R., Shnol, H., Blaney, K., Morando, A., Englert, D., Greco, C., Brufsky, A., Ahrendt, G., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.05.002 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Bower, J. E. (2019) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.31790 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Choinière, M., Watt-Watson, J., Victor, J. C., Baskett, R. J. F., Bussières, J. S., Carrier, M., Cogan, J., Costello, J., Feindel, C., Guertin, M.-C., et al. (2014) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.131012 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Does cognitive functioning predict chronic pain? Results from a prospective surgical cohort
Attal, N., Masselin-Dubois, A., Martinez, V., Jayr, C., Albi, A., Fermanian, J., Bouhassira, D., & Baudic, S. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt354 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Persistent post-mastectomy pain: risk factors and current approaches to treatment
Tait, R. C., Zoberi, K., Ferguson, M., Levenhagen, K., Luebbert, R. A., Rowland, K., Salsich, G. B., & Herndon, C. (2018) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.06.002 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Pain Catastrophizing and Function In Individuals With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Martínez-Calderón, J., Jensen, M. P., Morales‐Asencio, J. M., & Luque-Suárez, A. (2019) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000676 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Giusti, E. M., Lacerenza, M., Manzoni, G. M., & Castelnuovo, G. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001999 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Weinrib, A. Z., Azam, M. A., Birnie, K. A., Burns, L. C., Clarke, H., & Katz, J. (2017) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463717720636 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Validation of the surgical fear questionnaire in adult patients waiting for elective surgery
Theunissen, M., Peters, M. L., Schouten, E. G. W., Fiddelers, A. A. A., Willemsen, M. G. A., Pinto, P. R., Gramke, H.-F., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100225 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationMasselin-Dubois, A., Attal, N., Fletcher, D., Jayr, C., Albi-Feldzer, A., Fermanian, J., Bouhassira, D., & Baudic, S. (2013) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.02.013 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Clinical Consequences of Inadequate Pain Relief
Baratta, J. L., Schwenk, E. S., & Viscusi, E. R. (2014) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000000681 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)
Echeverria-Villalobos, M., Stoicea, N., Todeschini, A. B., Fiorda‐Diaz, J., Uribe, A. A., Weaver, T. E., & Bergese, S. D. (2019) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000792 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Martinez-Calderon, J., Meeus, M., Struyf, F., Morales-Asencio, J. M., Gijón-Noguerón, G., & Luque-Suarez, A. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020703 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Doménech, J., Sanchis‐Alfonso, V., & Espejo, B. (2014) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1007/s00167-014-2968-7 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Ali, A., Altun, D., Oğuz, B., Ilhan, M., Demircan, F., & Koltka, K. (2014) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-013-1712-7 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Predictors of Postoperative Pain Trajectories in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Connelly, M. A., Fulmer, R. D., Prohaska, J., Anson, L. M., Dryer, L., Thomas, V., Ariagno, J., Price, N., & Schwend, R. M. (2013) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000000099 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Darnall, B., Sturgeon, J., Kao, M.-C., Hah, J., & Mackey, S. (2014) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s62329 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Past, Present, and Future of Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery
Antoniou, S. A., Antoniou, G. A., Antoniou, G. A., & Granderath, F.-A. (2015) · JSLS Journal of the Society of Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeons · doi:10.4293/jsls.2015.00052 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Erkılıç, E., Kesimci, E., Soykut, C., Döğer, C., Gümüş, T., & Kanbak, O. (2017) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s127342 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Psychosocial predictors in the transition from acute to chronic pain: a systematic review
Hruschak, V., & Cochran, G. (2018) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2018.1446097 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Villa, G., Lanini, I., Amass, T., Bocciero, V., Scirè Calabrisotto, C., Chelazzi, C., Romagnoli, S., De Gaudio, A. R., & Lauro Grotto, R. (2020) · Perioperative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13741-020-00169-x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Varallo, G., Giusti, E. M., Manna, C., Castelnuovo, G., Pizza, F., Franceschini, C., & Plazzi, G. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101630 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Deumens, R., Steyaert, A., Forget, P., Schubert, M., Lavand'homme, P. M., Hermans, E., & Kock, M. D. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.01.002 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Sluka, K. A., Wager, T. D., Sutherland, S. P., Labosky, P. A., Balach, T., Bayman, E. O., Berardi, G., Brummett, C. M., Burns, J. W., Buvanendran, A., et al. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002938 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Hoofwijk, D. M. N., Fiddelers, A. A. A., Peters, M. L., Stessel, B., Kessels, A. G. H., Joosten, E. A., Gramke, H.-F., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2015) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000207 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationAlthaus, A., Becker, O. A., & Neugebauer, E. A. M. (2013) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00385.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Preventing chronic postoperative pain
Reddi, D. (2015) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.13306 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Psychosocial Factors Predict Pain and Physical Health After Lower Extremity Trauma
Archer, K. R., Abraham, C. M., & Obremskey, W. T. (2015) · Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4504-6 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Hudson, B. F., Ogden, J., & Whiteley, M. S. (2015) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.675 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Brown, M. R. D., Ramirez, J. D., & Farquhar-Smith, P. W. (2014) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463714542605 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Revision of expert panel's guidelines on postoperative pain management
Aubrun, F., Nouette‐Gaulain, K., Fletcher, D., Belbachir, A., Beloeil, H., Carlès, M., Cuvillon, P., Dadure, C., Lebuffe, G., Marret, E., et al. (2019) · Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2019.02.011 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Chronic Abdominal Pain and Symptoms 5 Years After Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity
Høgestøl, I. K. D., Chahal-Kummen, M., Eribe, I., Brunborg, C., Stubhaug, A., Hewitt, S., Kristinsson, J. A., & Mala, T. (2016) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2499-z · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Acute Pain Medicine in the United States: A Status Report
Tighe, P. J., Buckenmaier, C. C., Boezaart, A. P., Carr, D. B., Clark, L., Herring, A. A., Kent, M. L., Mackey, S., Mariano, E. R., Polomano, R. C., et al. (2015) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12760 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Schnabel, A., Yahiaoui‐Doktor, M., Meißner, W., Zahn, P. K., & Pogatzki-Zahn, E. M. (2020) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000831 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Schreiber, K. L., Kehlet, H., Belfer, I., & Edwards, R. R. (2014) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt.14.33 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Emotional and Cognitive Influences on Pain Experience
Peters, M. L. (2015) · Modern trends in psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000435938 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationSchreiber, K. L., Zinboonyahgoon, N., Xu, X., Spivey, T., King, T. A., Dominici, L. S., Partridge, A. H., Golshan, M. A., Strichartz, G. R., & Edwards, R. R. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.11.004 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Galambos, A., Szabó, E., Nagy, Z., Édes, A. E., Kocsel, N., Juhász, G., & Kökönyei, G. (2019) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s192246 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Weir, S., Samnaliev, M., Kuo, T.-C., Ni Choitir, C., Tierney, T. S., Cumming, D., Bruce, J., Manca, A., Taylor, R. S., & Eldabe, S. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017585 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationScott, E. L., Kroenke, K., Wu, J., & Yu, Z. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.011 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Central sensitization and the biopsychosocial approach to understanding pain
Adams, L. M., & Turk, D. C. (2018) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12125 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Postsurgical Pain: A Narrative Review
Steyaert, A., & Lavand’homme, P. (2018) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-018-0866-x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Rationale for and approach to preoperative opioid weaning: a preoperative optimization protocol
McAnally, H. B. (2017) · Perioperative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13741-017-0079-y · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Wood, T. J., Thornley, P., Petruccelli, D. T., Kabali, C., Winemaker, M., & de Beer, J. D. (2016) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2016.05.056 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Macintyre, P. E., Huxtable, C. A., Flint, S. L. P., & Dobbin, M. (2014) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x1404200504 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Wood, T. J., Gazendam, A., Kabali, C., Wood, T. J., Petruccelli, D. T., Tushinski, D. M., Winemaker, M., & de Beer, J. D. (2021) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2021.02.018 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Álvarez-García, C., & Yaban, Z. Ş. (2020) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101077 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Grosen, K., Vase, L., Pilegaard, H. K., Pfeiffer‐Jensen, M., & Drewes, A. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090185 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Commercially Available Smartphone Apps to Support Postoperative Pain Self-Management: Scoping Review
Lalloo, C., Shah, U. J., Birnie, K. A., Davies-Chalmers, C., Rivera, J., Stinson, J., & Campbell, F. A. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.8230 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Wardhan, R., & Chelly, J. E. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.12286.1 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Waning of “Conditioned Pain Modulation”: A Novel Expression of Subtle Pronociception in Migraine
Nahman‐Averbuch, H., Granovsky, Y., Coghill, R. C., Yarnitsky, D., Sprecher, E., & Weissman‐Fogel, I. (2013) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12117 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Prognostic prediction models for chronic postsurgical pain in adults: a systematic review
Papadomanolakis‐Pakis, N., Uhrbrand, P., Haroutounian, S., & Nikolajsen, L. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002261 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Persistent postsurgical pain after video‐assisted thoracic surgery – an observational study
Wildgaard, K., Ringsted, T. K., Hansen, H. J., Petersen, R. H., & Kehlet, H. (2016) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.12681 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Høvik, L. H., Winther, S. B., Foss, O. A., & Gjeilo, K. H. (2016) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1073-0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Clarke, H. A., Katz, J. D., McCartney, C. J. L., Stratford, P. W., Kennedy, D. M., Pagé, M. G., Awad, I. T., Gollish, J. D., & Kay, J. C. (2014) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeu202 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The mechanisms and management of persistent postsurgical pain
Fuller, A. M., Bharde, S., & Sikandar, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1154597 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Clarke, H. A., Pagé, M. G., McCartney, C. J. L., Huang, A., Stratford, P. W., Andrion, J. J., Kennedy, D., Awad, I. T., Gollish, J. D., Kay, J., et al. (2015) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aev363 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Anwar, S., Cooper, J. A., Rahman, J., Sharma, C., & Langford, R. M. (2019) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000002751 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Horn, A., Kaneshiro, K., & Tsui, B. C. H. (2019) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000004319 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Douleurs chroniques postchirurgicales
Martinez, V., Baudic, S., & Fletcher, D. (2013) · Annales Françaises d Anesthésie et de Réanimation · doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2013.04.012 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Nicholls, J., Azam, M. A., Burns, L. C., Englesakis, M. F., Sutherland, A. M., Weinrib, A., Katz, J. D., & Clarke, H. A. (2018) · Patient Related Outcome Measures · doi:10.2147/prom.s121251 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Abrecht, C. R., Cornelius, M. C., Wu, A. W., Jamison, R. N., Janfaza, D. R., Urman, R. D., Campbell, C. M., Smith, M. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Edwards, R. R., et al. (2018) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pny020 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Bailey, M., Corcoran, T. B., Schug, S. A., & Toner, A. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001273 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Coronado, R. A., Seitz, A. L., Pelote, E., Archer, K. R., & Jain, N. B. (2018) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999.0000000000000087 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Persistent Dry Eye-Like Symptoms After Cataract Surgery
Iglesias, E., Sajnani, R., Levitt, R. C., Sarantopoulos, C. D., & Galor, A. (2017) · Cornea · doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000001491 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Guimarães‐Pereira, L., Farinha, F., Azevedo, L. F., Abelha, F., & Castro‐Lopes, J. M. (2016) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.866 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Romero, M. V., Morales‐Asencio, J. M., Morales-Fernández, A., Canca‐Sánchez, J. C., Rivas‐Ruiz, F., & Reinaldo-Lapuerta, J. A. (2017) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-017-0695-8 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Genetics of chronic post-surgical pain: a crucial step toward personal pain medicine
Clarke, H. A., Katz, J. D., Flor, H., Rietschel, M., Diehl, S. R., & Seltzer, Z. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-014-0287-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Non-pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment
Fleming, P. S., Strydom, H., Katsaros, C., MacDonald, L. C., Curatolo, M., Fudalej, P. S., & Pandis, N. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010263.pub2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gjeilo, K. H., Stenseth, R., & Klepstad, P. (2014) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-014-0083-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Smith, E., Pang, H., Ye, C., Cirrincione, C., Fleishman, S. B., Paskett, E. D., Ahles, T. A., Bressler, L. R., Le-Lindqwister, N. A., Fadul, C. E., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12421 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Hoofwijk, D. M. N., van Reij, R. R. I., Rutten, B. P. F., Kenis, G., Bühre, W., & Joosten, E. A. J. (2016) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aew378 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Ditton, E., Johnson, S. J., Hodyl, N. A., Flynn, T. S., Pollack, M. R. P., Ribbons, K., Walker, F. R., & Nilsson, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01061 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The development of a new generic risk-of-bias measure for systematic reviews of surveys
Nudelman, G., & Otto, K. (2020) · Methodology · doi:10.5964/meth.4329 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Lee, C., Liu, J.-T., Lin, S.-C., Hsu, T.-Y., Lin, C., & Lin, L. (2017) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2017.08.004 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hendricks, T. M., Gutierrez, C. N., Stulak, J. M., Dearani, J. A., & Miller, J. D. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.02.032 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Fuzier, R., Serres, I., Bourrel, R., Palmaro, A., Montastruc, J., & Lapeyre‐Mestre, M. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.010 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Rolving, N., Nielsen, C. V., Christensen, F. B., Holm, R., Bünger, C. E., & Oestergaard, L. G. (2016) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1078-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Darnall, B. D., & Colloca, L. (2018) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.022 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Baudic, S., Jayr, C., Albi-Feldzer, A., Fermanian, J., Masselin-Dubois, A., Bouhassira, D., & Attal, N. (2015) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Recovery 3 and 12 months after hysterectomy
Theunissen, M., Peters, M. L., Schepers, J., Maas, J. W. M., Tournois, F., van Suijlekom, H. A., Gramke, H., & Marcus, M. A. E. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000003980 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationAcute and chronic postsurgical pain after living liver donation: Incidence and predictors
Holtzman, S., Clarke, H. A., McCluskey, S. A., Turcotte, K., Grant, D. R., & Katz, J. D. (2014) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.23949 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bot, A. G., Becker, S., Bruijnzeel, H., Mulders, M., Ring, D., & Vranceanu, A.-M. (2014) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain · doi:10.3109/10582452.2014.883020 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Pain Psychology and Pain Catastrophizing in the Perioperative Setting
Darnall, B. D. (2015) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2015.08.005 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Kleiman, A. M., Sanders, D. T., Nemergut, E. C., & Huffmyer, J. L. (2017) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1097/aap.0000000000000663 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
- Authors
- Theunissen, M., Peters, M. L., Bruce, J., Gramke, H.-F., & Marcus, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Theunissen, Maurice
- Gramke, Hans-Fritz
- Marcus, Marco A.
- Venue
- The Clinical Journal of Pain
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 819-841
- ISSN
- 0749-8047 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974125795
- Cited by
- 659
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Clinical Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- preoperative anxiety, pain catastrophizing, chronic postoperative pain, postoperative pain, pain-related anxiety, musculoskeletal surgery, risk prediction, acute to chronic pain transition
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Postoperative Pain, Databases, Bibliographic, Catastrophization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
