Elevated Levels of G-Quadruplex Formation in Human Stomach and Liver Cancer Tissues
Open accessAbstract
Four-stranded G-quadruplex DNA secondary structures have recently been visualized in the nuclei of human cultured cells. Here, we show that BG4, a G-quadruplex-specific antibody, can be used to stain DNA G-quadruplex structures in patient-derived tissues using immunohistochemistry. We observe a significantly elevated number of G-quadruplex-positive nuclei in human cancers of the liver and stomach as compared to background non-neoplastic tissue. Our results suggest that G-quadruplex formation can be detected and measured in patient-derived material and that elevated G-quadruplex formation may be a characteristic of some cancers.
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G-rich sequences, like G4 motifs, are prone to oxidative DNA damage, which can lead to mutations if not repaired properly.
“Additionally, G-rich sequences, like G4 motifs, are prone to oxidative DNA damage, which can lead to mutations if not repaired properly (76).”
From G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says G-quadruplexes form from guanine-rich sequences and that stabilizing them with a small molecule can induce DNA damage. It does not say G-rich sequences are especially prone to oxidative DNA damage or that unrepaired oxidative damage leads to mutations; searches for oxidative damage and 8-oxoG found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredElevated G-quadruplex formation might be a characteristic of some cancers and G4s could contribute to genomic instability in cancer patients.
“This suggests that elevated G-quadruplex formation might be a characteristic of some cancers and supports the hypothesis that G4s could contribute to genomic instability in cancer patients (76).”
From G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
G4s can be detected in patient-derived tissues using immunohistochemistry, with a significantly elevated number of G4-positive nuclei observed in human cancers of the liver and stomach compared to non-neoplastic tissue.
“recent studies have shown that G4s can be detected in patient-derived tissues using immunohistochemistry, with a significantly elevated number of G4-positive nuclei observed in human cancers of the liver and stomach compared to non-neoplastic tissue (76).”
From G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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“pSANG10 –3F-BG4 plasmid encoding the BG4 single chain antibody (7, 10, 51) was a gift from Shankar Balasubramanian (Addgene plasmid 55756).”
MethodResultDNA G-Quadruplex Recognition In Vitro and in Live Cells by a Structure-Specific Nanobody
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Flexibility and structural conservation in a c-KIT G-quadruplex
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“Their biological functions remain to be fully elucidated, although the demonstration of the existence of quadruplexes in cancer cells (17,18) and of enhanced levels in human cancer tissues (19) is strongly supportive of the concept that the presence of quadruplexes may be deleterious when they cannot be fully unwound,…”
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Genome-wide discovery of G-quadruplex forming sequences and their functional relevance in plants
Garg, R., Aggarwal, J., & Thakkar, B. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep28211 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Dolinnaya, N. G., Ogloblina, A. M., & Геннадиевна, Я. М. (2016) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297916130034 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“It was shown [423] that G4-specific BG4 antibody could be used to stain DNA G4 structures in human tissues using immunohistochemistry.”
G-Quadruplex Structures in Bacteria: Biological Relevance and Potential as an Antimicrobial Target
Yadav, P., Kim, N., Kumari, M., Verma, S., Sharma, T. K., Yadav, V., & Kumar, A. (2021) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00577-20 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“In particular, the G4 DNA-specific antibodies 1H6 and BG4 emerged as valuable tools for studying G4 DNA in cells (57–59).”
MethodEffect of Interior Loop Length on the Thermal Stability and pKa of i-Motif DNA
Reilly, S. M., Morgan, R. K., Brooks, T., & Wadkins, R. M. (2015) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi5014722 · Cited by 58
Liu, W.-T., Lin, C., Wu, G., Dai, J., Chang, T.-C., & Yang, D. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz1015 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Significantly, G-quadruplexes formation were elevated in both human precancerous cells and cancer tissues (7), and G-quadruplex structures were enriched in the MYC promoter of highly transcribed cells (7,8).”
Chilka, P., Desai, N. N., & Datta, B. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24040752 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“The understanding of G4 distribution in normal versus cancerous cells would foster development of better tools that can selectively target DNA or RNA G-quadruplex at any given cell cycle phase [28].”
BackgroundWang, W.-M., Li, D.-D., Xu, Q.-Q., Cheng, J., Yu, Z., Li, G.-Y., Qiao, S., Pan, J.-S., Wang, H., Shi, J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45353-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The effects of DNA supercoiling on G-quadruplex formation
Sekibo, D. A. T., & Fox, K. (2017) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkx856 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“This antibody has also been used to demonstrate elevated levels of G-quadruplex formation in stomach and liver cancer tissues (22).”
HERC2 Facilitates BLM and WRN Helicase Complex Interaction with RPA to Suppress G-Quadruplex DNA
Wu, W., Rokutanda, N., Takeuchi, J., Lai, Y., Maruyama, R., Togashi, Y., Nishikawa, H., Arai, N., Miyoshi, Y., Suzuki, N., et al. (2018) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1877 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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“Elevated G4 staining in tumor tissues of stomach and liver cancer patients suggested that cancer cells have increased levels of G4 DNA (108).”
Deiana, M., Castán, J. M. A., Josse, P., Kahsay, A. G., Sánchez, D. P., Morice, K., Gillet, N., Ravindranath, R., Patel, A. K., Sengupta, P., et al. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad365 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“A set of complementary experiments involving the G4-specific antibody (BG4) ( 42 , 43 ), li v e-cell fluorescent probes ( 44–46 ), and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) ( 47–50 ) r ecently r e v ealed increased le v els of G4 structures in cancer cells…”
Savva, L., & Georgiades, S. N. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26040841 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“ing human cancer cells [19,20] and tissues [21].”
BackgroundScavenging of Labile Heme by Hemopexin Is a Key Checkpoint in Cancer Growth and Metastases
Canesin, G., Ruscio, A. D., Li, M., Ummarino, S., Hedblom, A., Choudhury, R., Krzyzanowska, A., Csizmadia, E., Palominos, M., Stiehm, A., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108181 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“In contrast to previous studies (Biffi et al., 2014b), but in accordancewith the hypothesis that decreased G4 formation enables gene expression to be turned on, we demonstrated lower levels of G4 in the nucleus of patients with poor survival and advanced disease.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMachireddy, B., Kalra, G., Jonnalagadda, S. C., Ramanujachary, K. V., & Wu, C. F. (2017) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00287 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Platella, C., Napolitano, E., Riccardi, C., Musumeci, D., & Montesarchio, D. (2021) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00125 · Cited by 47
Ligands stimulating antitumour immunity as the next G-quadruplex challenge
Miglietta, G., Marinello, J., Russo, M., & Capranico, G. (2022) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-022-01649-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
On the binding of naphthalene diimides to a human telomeric G-quadruplex multimer model.
Pirota, V., Platella, C., Musumeci, D., Benassi, A., Amato, J., Pagano, B., Colombo, G., Freccero, M., Doria, F., & Montesarchio, D. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.013 · Cited by 43
Sánchez-Martín, V., Plaza‐Calonge, M. D. C., Soriano‐Lerma, A., Ortiz-González, M., Linde-Rodríguez, Á., Pérez‐Carrasco, V., Ramírez-Macías, I., Cuadros, M., Fernández, J. G., Murciano‐Calles, J., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14112648 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Cancer-associated noncoding mutations affect RNA G-quadruplex-mediated regulation of gene expression
Zeraati, M., Moye, A. L., Wong, J. W. H., Perera, D., Cowley, M., Christ, D., Bryan, T., & Dinger, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00739-y · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lefebvre, J., Guetta, C., Poyer, F., Mahuteau‐Betzer, F., & Teulade‐Fichou, M. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201703783 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
PARP3 is a promoter of chromosomal rearrangements and limits G4 DNA
Day, T. A., Layer, J. V., Cleary, J. P., Guha, S., Stevenson, K. E., Tivey, T. R., Kim, S. S., Schinzel, A. C., Izzo, F., Doench, J. G., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15110 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Certain malignancies, including those of the stomach and liver, have abundant G4 DNA relative to the surrounding stromal tissue 69 and may therefore be ideal targets for G4 DNA ligands.”
Loop flexibility in human telomeric quadruplex small-molecule complexes
Collie, G. W., Campbell, N. H., & Neidle, S. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv427 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Small molecule targeting of biologically relevant RNA tertiary and quaternary structures
Zafferani, M., & Hargrove, A. E. (2021) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.03.003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Accordingly, small molecule targeting has the potential to lead to selective regulation of the genes associated with riboswitches and yield novel antibacterial and antifungal agents (Blount and Breaker, 2006; Machtel et al., 2016; Panchal and Brenk, 2021).”
BackgroundLim, G., & Hohng, S. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa695 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Consistently, GQ was reported to be formed more abundantly in cancer cells than normal cells (14).”
BackgroundSullivan, H.-J., Readmond, C., Radicella, C., Persad, V., Fasano, T. J., & Wu, C. (2018) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b01574 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pif1 helicase unfolding of G-quadruplex DNA is highly dependent on sequence and reaction conditions
Byrd, A. K., Bell, M. R., & Raney, K. D. (2018) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.004499 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
From R-Loops to G-Quadruplexes: Emerging New Threats for the Replication Fork
Maffia, A., Ranise, C., & Sabbioneda, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21041506 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
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“The availability of a new G-quadruplex antibody, BG4, for quantitatively visualizing G-quadruplexes in both cancer cells and tissues has enhanced the attractiveness of this strategy [1, 2].”
Rotaxanes as cages to control DNA binding, cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of a small molecule.
Kench, T., Summers, P. A., Kuimova, M., Lewis, J. E., & Vilar, R. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.13249643.v1 · Cited by 34
Mulholland, K., & Wu, C. (2016) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00473 · Cited by 34
A sodium/potassium switch for G4-prone G/C-rich sequences
Luo, Y., Živković, M. L., Wang, J.-W., Ryneš, J., Foldynová-Trantírková, S., Trantírek, L., Verga, D., & Mergny, J. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad1073 · Cited by 33
“This result is surprising, given that cancer cells seem to exhibit more G4s, as shown by BG4 antibody immunostaining experiments ( 10 ) .”
BackgroundTseng, T., Chen, W., Chu, I.-T., Wang, C., Chang, C., Lin, M., Lou, P., & Chang, T. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34378-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Xu, J., Zhu, K., Wang, Y., & Chen, J. (2022) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-022-04447-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Compared to normal cells, cancer cells can tolerate the accumulation of labile heme in the nucleus (Biffi et al. 2014) and exhibit a higher activity of heme-containing proteins and a more significant concentration of heme (Fiorito et al.”
BackgroundThe Cellular Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of G-Quadruplex Unwinding Helicases in Humans
Liu, Y., Zhu, X., Wang, K., Zhang, B., & Qiu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.783889 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“In addition, different cell states can influence the formation of G4s; for example, the levels of G4 structures are higher in cancer cells compared to healthy cells (Biffi et al., 2014; Hänsel-Hertsch et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSpotlight on G-Quadruplexes: From Structure and Modulation to Physiological and Pathological Roles
dell’Oca, M. C., Quadri, R., Bernini, G. M., Menin, L., Grasso, L., Rondelli, D., Yazici, O., Sertic, S., Marini, F., Pellicioli, A., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25063162 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Remarkably, global G-quadruplex levels are generally higher in tumor or immortalized cells than in normal ones [85,339].”
BackgroundPlatella, C., Trajkovski, M., Doria, F., Freccero, M., Plavec, J., & Montesarchio, D. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa1001 · Cited by 29
Crossroads of telomere biology and anticancer drug discovery
Seimiya, H. (2020) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.14540 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Verma, S. P., & Das, P. K. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205660 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sun, H.-X., Sun, R., Yang, D., Li, Q., Jiang, W.-N., Zhou, T.-X., Bai, R.-Y., Zhong, F., Zhang, B., Xiang, J.-F., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c07698 · Cited by 26
Differential responses of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia to G-quadruplex stabilization
Tabor, N., Ngwa, C., Mitteaux, J., Meyer, M. D., Moruno-Manchon, J. F., Zhu, L., Liu, F., Monchaud, D., McCullough, L. D., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203222 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“10,000 QFS) and varied between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues and between cancer cell lines, demonstrating a cell type–specific G4-DNA landscape [9, 10].”
BackgroundPlatella, C., Pirota, V., Musumeci, D., Rizzi, F., Iachettini, S., Zizza, P., Biroccio, A., Freccero, M., Montesarchio, D., & Doria, F. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21061964 · Cited by 25
Mulholland, K., Siddiquei, F., & Wu, C. (2017) · Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP · doi:10.1039/c7cp03313c · Cited by 25
UV-induced G4 DNA structures recruit ZRF1 which prevents UV-induced senescence
Magis, A. D., Limmer, M., Mudiyam, V., Monchaud, D., Juranek, S., & Paeschke, K. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42494-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
G-Quadruplex Structures Are Key Modulators of Somatic Structural Variants in Cancers
Zhang, R., Shu, H., Wang, Y., Tao, T., Tu, J., Wang, C., Mergny, J., & Sun, X. S. (2023) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3089 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Notably, a previous study has con fi rmed the presence of G4 structures in cancer cells using BG4 antibody – staining techniques (57), and the authors speculated that these G4s may be associated with genomic instability.”
Parsa, F. G., Nobili, S., Karimpour, M., Aghdaei, H. A., Mojarad, E. N., & Mini, E. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12030396 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The increased level of G-quadruplex structures has been diagnosed in various cancers that underlie genomic instability [57,58].”
BackgroundSullivan, H.-J., Chen, B., & Wu, C. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00632 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Papp, C., Mukundan, V. T., Jenjaroenpun, P., Winnerdy, F. R., Ow, G. S., Phan, A. T., & Kuznetsov, V. A. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad252 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“These pG4-BS are co-localized with experimentally-defined G4 signals (G4-seq (14,51,75), RLFS clusters (14,51,75), CpG islands, and ENCODE promoter-like elements (TF binding sites).”
BackgroundYu, K.-K., Li, K., He, H.-Z., Liu, Y.-H., Bao, J.-K., & Yu, X.-Q. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2020.128479 · Cited by 23
A triple stranded G-quadruplex formation in the promoter region of human myosin β(Myh7)gene
Singh, A., & Kukreti, S. (2017) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2017.1374211 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flusberg, D. A., Rizvi, N. F., Kutilek, V. D., Andrews, C. L., Saradjian, P., Chamberlin, C., Curran, P., Swalm, B. M., Kattar, S. D., Smith, G. F., et al. (2018) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/2472555218796656 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer
Richl, T., Kuper, J., & Kisker, C. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae098 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Additionally, G-rich sequences, like G4 motifs, are prone to oxidative DNA damage, which can lead to mutations if not repaired properly ( 76 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, X., Yu, B.-Y., Lin, J.-H., Yan, Y., & Hu, M.-H. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2020.129391 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flexible RuII Schiff base complexes: G-quadruplex DNA binding and photo-induced cancer cell death.
Gillard, M., Weynand, J., Bonnet, H., Loiseau, F., Decottignies, A., Dejeu, J., Defrancq, E., & Elias, B. (2020) · Chemistry · doi:10.1002/chem.202001409 · Cited by 20
Robinson, J., Flint, G., Garner, I., Galli, S., Maher, T. E., Kuimova, M. K., Vilar, R., McNeish, I. A., Brown, R. E., Keun, H. C., et al. (2025) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03654-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Banerjee, N., Panda, S., & Chatterjee, S. (2021) · Chemical Biology and Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.13910 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Fundamentals of G-quadruplex biology
Johnson, F. B. (2020) · Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.armc.2020.06.004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Furthermore, studies with the BG4 antibody suggests that G4 levels may be higher in some types of cancer cells.(46,202) Although more evi-”
Shen, Z.-H., Mulholland, K., Zheng, Y.-J., & Wu, C. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Modeling · doi:10.1007/s00894-017-3417-6 · Cited by 19
Wang, S.-K., Wu, Y., Wang, X.-Q., Kuang, G., Zhang, Q., Lin, S.-L., Liu, H.-Y., Tan, J.-H., Huang, Z.-S., & Ou, T.-M. (2017) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01444 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
G-quadruplexes as pivotal components of cis-regulatory elements in the human genome
Zhang, R., Wang, Y., Wang, C., Sun, X., & Mergny, J. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1186/s12915-024-01971-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“We then investigated whether G4-associated cCREs are more inclined to be activated in cancer cells, given the higher levels of G4s in cancer tissues compared to non-malignant tissues [7, 37].”
BackgroundFeng, Y.-L., He, Z., Luo, Z., Sperti, F., Valverde, I. E., Zhang, W.-L., & Monchaud, D. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106846 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Xu, Y.-Z., Jenjaroenpun, P., Wongsurawat, T., Byrum, S. D., Shponka, V., Tannahill, D., Chavez, E. A., Hung, S. S., Steidl, C., Balasubramanian, S., et al. (2020) · NAR Cancer · doi:10.1093/narcan/zcaa029 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“the single-chain Fv BG4 antibody (38,54) to develop a semiautomated colorimetric IHC protocol.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationNieuwenhuis, M., van de Peppel, L. V. D., Bakker, F., Zwaan, B., & Aanen, D. (2019) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evz122 · Cited by 17
Alternative paths to telomere elongation
Lee, J., Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2020) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Predicting G-Quadruplexes from DNA Sequences Using Multi-Kernel Convolutional Neural Networks
Barshai, M., & Orenstein, Y. (2019) · ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine · doi:10.1145/3307339.3342133 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Recent studies using immunofluorescence to visualize G4s revealed their active formation in human cells and tissues and highlighted potential functional implications of these structures in diseases such as cancer [3, 4, 16].”
BackgroundMilelli, A., Marchetti, C., Greco, M., Moraca, F., Costa, G., Turrini, E., Catanzaro, E., Betari, N., Calcabrini, C., Sissi, C., et al. (2017) · European journal of medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.025 · Cited by 16
Swarup, N., Cheng, J. C., Choi, I. F., Heo, Y. J., Kordi, M., Aziz, M. A., Arora, A., Li, F., Chia, D., Fang, W., et al. (2023) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-023-00524-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“[30] It has been noted that there is an increased retention of G-quadruplex structures in cancer cells, especially GC cells, [52, 53] while plasma cfDNA demonstrates reduced G-quadruplex structures in cancers [17].”
BackgroundPirh2-dependent DNA damage in neurons induced by the G-quadruplex ligand pyridostatin
Escarcega, R. D., Patil, A. A., Moruno-Manchon, J. F., Urayama, A., Marrelli, S. P., Kim, N., Monchaud, D., McCullough, L. D., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105157 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Analyses of “ active ” G4-DNA structures revealed that G4 landscapes differ between cell types (13, 14), and these G4 landscapes are regulated by G4-DNA-binding proteins and G4-DNA helicases (3, 4).”
BackgroundG-quadruplex ligands as potent regulators of lysosomes
Ferret, L., Alvarez-Valadez, K., Rivière, J., Muller, A., Bohálová, N., Yu, L., Guittat, L., Brázda, V., Kroemer, G., Mergny, J., et al. (2023) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2023.2170071 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The number of G4 actually formed within the genome at a given time is probably much lower and may depend on DNA sequence [17], the phase of the cell cycle or on malignant transformation [18].”
Background
- Authors
- Biffi, G., Tannahill, D., Miller, J., Howat, W. J., & Balasubramanian, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Balasubramanian, Shankar
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-07-17
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e102711
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4102534
- OpenAlex
- W2100966371
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (11961, A11961, 12488, 22310, C9681/A11961)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- G-quadruplex, G-quadruplex formation, immunohistochemistry, gastric cancer, liver cancer, tumor markers, DNA secondary structure, patient-derived tissue
- MeSH terms
- DNA, Gastric Mucosa, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Liver, Liver Neoplasms, Stomach Neoplasms, Cell Line, Tumor, G-Quadruplexes
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