Cited by 222Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

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Efficacy of Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for Patients with Posttraumatic-Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Chen, Ying-Ren, Hung, Kuo-Wei, Tsai, Jui-Chen, Chu, Hsin, Chung, Min-Huey, Chen, Su-Ru, Liao, Yuan-Mei, Ou, Keng-Liang, Chang, Yue-Cune, Chou, Kuei-Ru·2014·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103676PMC PMC4125321

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: We performed the first meta-analysis of clinical studies by investigating the effects of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and subjective distress in PTSD patients treated during the past 2 decades. METHODS: We performed a quantitative meta-analysis on the findings of 26 randomized controlled trials of EMDR therapy for PTSD published between 1991 and 2013, which were identified through the ISI Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature electronic databases, among which 22, 20, 16, and 11 of the studies assessed the effects of EMDR on the symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and subjective distress, respectively, as the primary clinical outcome. RESULTS: The meta-analysis revealed that the EMDR treatments significantly reduced the symptoms of PTSD (g = -0.662; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.887 to -0.436), depression (g = -0.643; 95% CI: -0.864 to -0.422), anxiety (g = -0.640; 95% CI: -0.890 to -0.390), and subjective distress (g = -0.956; 95% CI: -1.388 to -0.525) in PTSD patients. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that EMDR therapy significantly reduces the symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and subjective distress in PTSD patients. The subgroup analysis indicated that a treatment duration of more than 60 min per session was a major contributing factor in the amelioration of anxiety and depression, and that a therapist with experience in conducting PTSD group therapy was a major contributing factor in the reduction of PTSD symptoms.

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“Our findings are consistent with those of other studies on depression, which have demonstrated that EMDR group therapy significantly reduced the symptoms of depression, compared with control groups [5,7,12,30].”
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S Wilson, 2001, Stress Management with Law Enforcement Personnel: A Controlled Outcome Study of EMDR Versus a Traditional Stress Management Program, International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 179, 10.1023/A:1011366408693 · DOI
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Self-citation
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The Effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Toward Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Yan, S., Shan, Y., Zhong, S., Miao, H., Luo, Y., Ran, H., & Jia, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.700458 · Cited by 26
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency and Remote Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Group Therapy With Adolescents and Young Adults: Overcoming Lockdown With the Butterfly Hug
Lazzaroni, E., Invernizzi, R., Fogliato, E., Pagani, M., & Maslovaric, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701381 · Cited by 38
“The results point to a post-intervention reduction in anxiety levels and post-traumatic symptomatology in line with previous studies (de Roos et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2014; Wilson et al., 2018; Yunitri et al., 2020).”
Result
Exploring expectation effects in EMDR: does prior treatment knowledge affect the degrading effects of eye movements on memories?
Littel, M., van Schie, K., & van den Hout, M. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1328954 · Cited by 23
“Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been extensively validated as an effective psychological treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Bisson et al., 2007; Bradley, Greene, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005; Chen et al., 2014).”
A Non-randomized Controlled Trial of EMDR on Affective Symptoms in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme
Szpringer, M., Oledzka, M., & Amann, B. L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00785 · Cited by 22
“The efficacy of EMDR for PTSD has undergone the scrutiny of various metaanalyses (Van Etten and Taylor, 1998; Davidson and Parker, 2001; Bradley et al., 2005; Seidler and Wagner, 2006; Bisson and Andrew, 2007; Benish et al., 2008; Jonas et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2014, 2015; Cusack et al., 2016).”
Background
Childhood trauma, dissociation, alexithymia, and anger in people with autoimmune diseases: A mediation model
Macarenco, M.-M., Opariuc‐Dan, C., & Nedelcea, C. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105322 · Cited by 24
Using collaboration networks to identify authorship dependence in meta‐analysis results
Moulin, T. C., & Amaral, O. B. (2020) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1430 · Cited by 22
Experimental Therapeutics: Opportunities and Challenges Stemming From the National Institute of Mental Health Workshop on Novel Target Discovery and Psychosocial Intervention Development
Zucker, N. L., Strauss, G. P., Smyth, J. M., Scherf, K. S., Brotman, M. A., Boyd, R. C., Choi, J., Davila, M. I., Ajilore, O., Gunning, F. M., et al. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231197980 · Cited by 20
“Take, for example, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a treatment that has shown efficacy in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder across numerous randomized controlled trials (for review, see Chen et al., 2014).”
Memory as Prediction
Vecchi, T., & Gatti, D. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/13543.001.0001 · Cited by 31
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for the treatment and early intervention of trauma among first responders: A systematic review
Morris, H., Hatzikiriakidis, K., Savaglio, M., Dwyer, J., Lewis, C., Miller, R., & Skouteris, H. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22792 · Cited by 22
The predictive value of trauma-related coping self-efficacy for posttraumatic stress symptoms: Differences between treatment-seeking and non–treatment-seeking victims.
Bosmans, M. W. G., van der Knaap, L. M., & van der Velden, P. G. (2015) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000088 · Cited by 19
“It is expected that, given the proven effectiveness of treatment (Bisson, Roberts, Andrew, Cooper, & Lewis, 2013; Chen et al., 2014; Bradley, Greene, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005; Ehring et al., 2014), most patients will recover or at least experience a significant reduction in symptom levels.”
Background
A Clinician's Guide to the Efficacy of EMDR Therapy
Maxfield, L. (2019) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.13.4.239 · Cited by 19
Using EMDR Therapy to Treat Clients Remotely
Fisher, N. (2021) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/emdr-d-20-00041 · Cited by 19
“Several meta-analyses and reviews have shown that EMDR is an effective treatment for PTSD in adults (Bisson et al., 2013; Bradley et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2014 ; Khan et al., 2018; Novo Navarro et al., 2018; Seidler & Wagner, 2006) and children (Barron et al.”
Background
Addressing mental health need after COVID-19: a systematic review of remote EMDR therapy studies as an emerging option
Kaptan, S. K., Kaya, Z. M., & Akan, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1336569 · Cited by 19
The Role of Slow Wave Sleep in Memory Pathophysiology: Focus on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
Carletto, S., Borsato, T., & Pagani, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02050 · Cited by 22
“Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was initially proposed in the late 80’s by Francine Shapiro (Shapiro, 1989) and it’s now a well-established psychological treatment for PTSD (Bradley et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2014).”
Background
The Effect of modality specific interference on working memory in recalling aversive auditory and visual memories
Matthijssen, S. J. M. A., van Schie, K., & van den Hout, M. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1547271 · Cited by 20
“Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is an evidence-based therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; e.g. Bisson et al., 2007; Bradley, Greene, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005; Chen et al., 2014; Lee & Cuijpers, 2013; Seidler & Wagner, 2006).”
Background
A Mixed Methods Evaluation of EMDR for Treating Female Survivors of Sexual and Domestic Violence
Schwarz, J. E., Baber, D., Barter, A., & Dorfman, K. (2019) · Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/21501378.2018.1561146 · Cited by 18
“Large effect sizes were found across each measure, indicating EMDR produced stronger change in these participants’ mental health than found in recent studies with moderate effect sizes (Chen et al., 2014; Moreno-Alc azar et al., 2017).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Poor Quality in Systematic Reviews on PTSD and EMDR – An Examination of Search Methodology and Reporting
Opheim, E., Andersen, P. N., Jakobsen, M., Aasen, B., & Kvaal, K. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01558 · Cited by 20
Cognitive therapy and EMDR for reducing psychopathology in bereaved people after the MH17 plane crash: Findings from a randomized controlled trial.
Lenferink, L., de Keijser, J., Smid, G., & Boelen, P. (2020) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000253 · Cited by 19
Participant experiences of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing vs. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for grief: similarities and differences
Cotter, P., Meysner, L., & Lee, C. W. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1375838 · Cited by 17
“This therapeutic process has been found to result in a reduction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, such as the frequency of intrusive symptoms (Chen et al., 2014), and a reduction in the vividness and emotional intensity of distressing memories (Lee & Cuijpers, 2013).”
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial on the Provision of the EMDR-PRECI to Female Minors Victims of Sexual and/or Physical Violence and Related PTSD Diagnosis
Jiménez, G., Becker, Y., Varela, C., García, P., Nuño, M. A., Pérez, M. C., Osorio, A., Jarero, I., & Givaudan, M. (2020) · American Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20200902.12 · Cited by 13
Adaptive Information Processing Theory: Origins, Principles, Applications, and Evidence
Hill, M. D. (2020) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2020.1748155 · Cited by 24
Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Interventions and Insights from Clinical Trials
Saccenti, D., Lodi, L., Moro, A. S., Scaini, S., Forresi, B., Lamanna, J., & Ferro, M. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14030210 · Cited by 17
Exploring the evidence for Internal Family Systems therapy: a scoping review of current research, gaps, and future directions
Buys, M. E. (2025) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2025.2533127 · Cited by 17
Involvement of the cerebellum in EMDR efficiency: a metabolic connectivity PET study in PTSD
Verger, A., Rousseau, P., Malbos, É., Chawki, M. B., Nicolas, F., Lançon, C., Khalfa, S., & Guedj, É. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1767986 · Cited by 20
“Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is now a well-established treatment for PTSD (Chen et al., 2014).”
Background
Long-term effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in children and adolescents with medically related subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Meentken, M. G., van der Mheen, M., van Beynum, I. M., Aendekerk, E. W. C., Legerstee, J. S., van der Ende, J., del Canho, R., Lindauer, R., Hillegers, M. H. J., Helbing, W. A., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvaa006 · Cited by 15
“Meta-analyses show that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychotherapy to reduce PTSD symptoms in adults.(18,19) EMDR has also been found to be effective in reducing depression, anxiety, and sleep problems, and in improving quality of life in adults.”
Background
The Effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Indonesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Susanty, E., Sijbrandij, M., Srisayekti, W., Suparman, Y., & Huizink, A. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845520 · Cited by 14
Reducing the Emotionality of Auditory Hallucination Memories in Patients Suffering From Auditory Hallucinations
Matthijssen, S. J. M. A., Heitland, I., Verhoeven, L. C. M., & van den Hout, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00637 · Cited by 16
Provision of online eye movement and desensitisation therapy (EMDR) for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a multi-method service evaluation
Strelchuk, D., Turner, K. M., Smith, S., Bisson, J. I., Wiles, N., & Zammit, S. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2281182 · Cited by 18
“For example, comparisons of EMDR with waiting list and usual care have consistently shown that EMDR is superior to these in treating PTSD (Bisson JI et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2014; Roberts et al., 2019).”
Effects of "Visual Schema Displacement Therapy" (VSDT), an abbreviated EMDR protocol and a control condition on emotionality and vividness of aversive memories: Two critical analogue studies.
Matthijssen, S., van Beerschoten, L. M., de Jongh, A., Klugkist, I., & van den Hout, M. (2019) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.11.006 · Cited by 16
The Effectiveness of EMDR for Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Systematic Literature Review
Staton, A., Wilde, S., & Dawson, D. L. (2022) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/emdr-2022-0017 · Cited by 13
Effectiveness of time-limited eye movement desensitization reprocessing therapy for parents of children with a rare life-limiting illness: a randomized clinical trial
Conijn, T., de Roos, C., Vreugdenhil, H. J. I., van Dijk‐Lokkart, E. M., Wijburg, F. A., & Haverman, L. (2022) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-022-02500-9 · Cited by 13
EMDR Versus Treatment-as-Usual in Patients With Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Suárez, N. A., Pérez, J. M., Redolar-Ripoll, E., Hogg, B., Gardoki-Souto, I., García-Guerrero, F., Cabrera‐Jaime, S., Bernal, D. S., Amann, B. L., & Moreno‐Alcázar, A. (2020) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/emdr-d-20-00004 · Cited by 13
Posttraumatic growth-oriented peer-based training among U.S. veterans: evaluation of post-intervention and long-term follow-up outcomes
Rhodes, J. R., Tedeschi, R. G., Moore, B. A., Alldredge, C. T., & Elkins, G. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1322837 · Cited by 23
What do clients say about their experiences of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy? A systematic review of the literature
Shipley, G., Wilde, S., & Hudson, M. (2021) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100226 · Cited by 11
Akute und posttraumatische Belastungsstörung
Kapfhammer, H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_71 · Cited by 11
Eye movement desensitization reprocessing as a treatment for PTSD in conflict-affected areas.
Wippich, A., Howatson, G., Allen, G., Farrell, D. P., Kiernan, M. D., & Scott, A. (2023) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001430 · Cited by 11
EMDR in Older Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Gielkens, E. M. J., Vink, M., Sobczak, S., Rosowsky, E., & van Alphen, B. (2018) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.12.3.132 · Cited by 11
Possible neural mechanisms of psychotherapy for trauma-related symptoms: cerebral responses to the neuropsychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder model individuals
Amano, T., & Toichi, M. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep34610 · Cited by 15
EMDR als psychotherapeutischer Ansatz in der Schmerztherapie
Wicking, M., Maier, C., Tesarz, J., & Bernardy, K. (2017) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-017-0231-0 · Cited by 11
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in children and adolescents with subthreshold PTSD after medically related trauma: design of a randomized controlled trial
Meentken, M. G., van Beynum, I. M., Aendekerk, E. W. C., Legerstee, J. S., Marroun, H. E., van der Ende, J., Lindauer, R., Hillegers, M. H. J., Moll, H. A., Helbing, W. A., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1536287 · Cited by 10
Postpartum Early EMDR therapy Intervention (PERCEIVE) study for women after a traumatic birth experience: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Hendrix, Y. M. G. A., van Dongen, K. S. M., de Jongh, A., & van Pampus, M. G. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05545-6 · Cited by 13
A HYPOTHETICAL MECHANISM OF ACTION OF EMDR: THE ROLE OF SLOW WAVE SLEEP
Pagani, M., & Carletto, S. (2017) · Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) · Cited by 10
A FLASH OF HOPE: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.
Gainer, D. M., Alam, S., Alam, H., & Redding, H. (2020) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9
Treating COVID-19 patients with EMDR: A pilot study
Brennstuhl, M., Tarquinio, P., Rydberg, J. A., Tarquinio, C., Peter, L., Rotonda, C., & Tarquinio, C. (2022) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100276 · Cited by 10
“From a clinical perspective we know that the psychotraumatic spectrum in such situations is often much broader than PTSD alone.”
Influential
Neuropsychological and Physiological Outcomes Pre- and Post-EMDR Therapy for a Woman With PTSD: A Case Study
Aranda, B. D. E., Ronquillo, N. M., & Calvillo, M. E. N. (2015) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.9.4.174 · Cited by 13
Augmentation of EMDR with multifocal transcranial current stimulation (MtCS) in the treatment of fibromyalgia: study protocol of a double-blind randomized controlled exploratory and pragmatic trial
Gardoki-Souto, I., de la Torre, O. M., Hogg, B., Redolar-Ripoll, E., Valiente-Gómez, A., Martínez-Sadurní, L., Blanch, J. M., Lupo, W., Pérez, V., Raduà, J., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05042-w · Cited by 9
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnosing and Treatment Challenges and the Possibility of Jarisch–Herxheimer Reactions If High Infectious Loads Are Present
Straub, R. K., & Powers, C. M. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9111537 · Cited by 8
“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that EFT and EMDR are both effective for the treatment of depression [33,34], post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [34,35], and anxiety [34,36].”
Background
Pediatric seizure-related posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms treated with EMDR: a case series
Dautovic, E., de Roos, C., van Rood, Y. R., Dommerholt, A. H., & Rodenburg, R. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.30123 · Cited by 9
“Meta-analytic results showed that EMDR is an effective treatment for PTSD in adults and children (Chen et al., 2014; Rodenburg, Benjamin, de Roos, Meijer, & Stams, 2009).”
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: part 1 – theory, procedure and use in PTSD
Udo, I. I., Javinsky, T.-R., & Awani, T. (2022) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2022.32 · Cited by 8
“Another meta-analysis, by Chen et al (2014), considered studies reported between 1991 and 2013 that investigated the effects of EMDR not only on symptoms of PTSD but also on symptoms of depression and anxiety.”
Psychological interventions for adult posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of published meta-analyses
Kip, A., Ritter, L., Hoppen, T. H., Papola, D., Ostuzzi, G., Barbui, C., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2025) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103017 · Cited by 12

Authors: Chen, Y.-R., Hung, K.-W., Tsai, J.-C., Chu, H., Chung, M.-H., Chen, S.-R., Liao, Y.-M., Ou, K.-L., Chang, Y.-C., & Chou, K.-R.
Affiliations: Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital (TW)
Yuan's General Hospital (TW)
Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital (TW)
Tri-Service General Hospital (TW)
Taipei Medical University (TW)
Tamkang University (TW)
Taipei Medical University Hospital (TW)
Corresponding author: Chou, Kuei-Ru
ORCID: Chen, Ying-Ren
Chu, Hsin
Chung, Min-Huey
Chen, Su-Ru
Liao, Yuan-Mei
Ou, Keng-Liang
Chou, Kuei-Ru
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2014-08-07
Volume: 9
Issue: 8
Pages: e103676
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103676
PMC: PMC4125321
OpenAlex: W2069381491
Cited by: 222
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 1.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Taipei Medical University Repository (submittedVersion)
Tamkang University Institutional Repository (TKUIR) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Science Council
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: EMDR, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, subjective distress, treatment duration, therapist experience, group therapy, psychotherapy efficacy
MeSH terms: Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing

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Efficacy of Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for Patients with Posttraumatic-Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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