Field Evaluation of a Push-Pull System to Reduce Malaria Transmission
Open accessAbstract
Malaria continues to place a disease burden on millions of people throughout the tropics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although efforts to control mosquito populations and reduce human-vector contact, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, have led to significant decreases in malaria incidence, further progress is now threatened by the widespread development of physiological and behavioural insecticide-resistance as well as changes in the composition of vector populations. A mosquito-directed push-pull system based on the simultaneous use of attractive and repellent volatiles offers a complementary tool to existing vector-control methods. In this study, the combination of a trap baited with a five-compound attractant and a strip of net-fabric impregnated with micro-encapsulated repellent and placed in the eaves of houses, was tested in a malaria-endemic village in western Kenya. Using the repellent delta-undecalactone, mosquito house entry was reduced by more than 50%, while the traps caught high numbers of outdoor flying mosquitoes. Model simulations predict that, assuming area-wide coverage, the addition of such a push-pull system to existing prevention efforts will result in up to 20-fold reductions in the entomological inoculation rate. Reductions of such magnitude are also predicted when mosquitoes exhibit a high resistance against insecticides. We conclude that a push-pull system based on non-toxic volatiles provides an important addition to existing strategies for malaria prevention.
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A precise blend can be engineered as part of a push-pull strategy to direct egg-laying away from cage materials and towards the trap.
“this means that a precise blend can be engineered as part of a push-pull strategy (Menger et al. 2015; Cui et al. 2022) to more precisely direct egg- laying both away from cage materials and towards the trap.”
From Beyond the Black Box: Reproductive Strategies of the Black Soldier Fly as a Model for Bridging Evolutionary Biology and Applied Entomology (2026) · cites this paper as Menger et al. 2015
The Materials and Methods section describes a five-compound attractant blend used with a repellent in a push-pull system, supporting that general strategy. But the study concerns mosquitoes seeking human hosts and entering houses, not egg-laying on cage materials. The Discussion also says mosquitoes repelled from a house did not appear more likely to enter the trap, so it does not establish the claimed coordinated redirection. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Human and plant volatiles; lures for mosquito, vectors of dengue virus and malaria
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Outdoor biting by malaria vectors: what are the options for intervention?
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Self-citationDevelopment and Evaluation of Push-Pull Control Strategies againstAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)
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“…VOCs elicit stronger responses than individual components alone (Thomas et al. 2024), this means that a precise blend can be engineered as part of a push–pull strategy (Menger et al. 2015; Cui et al. 2022) to more precisely direct egg-laying both away from cage materials and towards the trap.”
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- Authors
- Menger, D. J., Omusula, P., Holdinga, M., Homan, T., Carreira, A. S., Vandendaele, P., Derycke, J.-L., Mweresa, C. K., Mukabana, W. R., van Loon, J. J. A., & Takken, W.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (KE)
- Devan (Portugal) (PT)
- Devan Chemicals (Belgium) (BE)
- University of Nairobi (KE)
- Corresponding author
- Menger, David J.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-04-29
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e0123415
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4414508
- OpenAlex
- W2077716593
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 7.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Nairobi Research Archive (University of Nairobi) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (GCGH #121)
- European Commission (228639)
- National Institutes of Health
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BDE/51601/2011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect Pheromone Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Keywords
- malaria vector control, push-pull systems, mosquito attractants, mosquito repellents, entomological inoculation rate, insecticide resistance, malaria transmission reduction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anopheles, Humans, Insect Vectors, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides, Kenya, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Insecticide-Treated Bednets
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