Interactive Effects of Indigestible Carbohydrates, Protein Type, and Protein Level on Biomarkers of Large Intestine Health in Rats
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The effects of indigestible carbohydrates, protein type, and protein level on large intestine health were examined in rats. For 21 days, 12 groups of six 12-week-old male Wistar rats were fed diets with casein (CAS), or potato protein concentrate (PPC), providing 14% (lower protein level; LP), or 20% (higher protein level; HP) protein, and containing cellulose, resistant potato starch, or pectin. Fermentation end-products, pH, and β-glucuronidase levels in cecal digesta, and ammonia levels in colonic digesta were determined. Cecal digesta, tissue weights, cecal and colon morphology, and colonocyte DNA damage were also analyzed. Digesta pH was lower, whereas relative mass of cecal tissue and digesta were higher in rats fed pectin diets than in those fed cellulose. Cecal parameters were greater in rats fed PPC and HP diets than in those fed CAS and LP diets, respectively. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were unaffected by protein or carbohydrate type. Total SCFA, acetic acid, and propionic acid concentrations were greater in rats fed LP diets than in those fed HP. Cecal pool of isobutyric and isovaleric acids was greater in rats fed PPC than in those fed CAS diets. PPC diets decreased phenol concentration and increased ammonia concentration in cecal and colonic digesta, respectively. Cecal crypt depth was greater in rats fed PPC and HP diets, and was unaffected by carbohydrates; whereas colonic crypt depth was greater in rats fed cellulose. Myenteron thickness in the cecum was unaffected by nutrition, but was greater in the colon of rats fed cellulose. Colonocyte DNA damage was greater in rats fed LP diets than in those fed HP diets, and was unaffected by carbohydrate or protein type. It was found that nutritional factors decreasing cecal digesta weight contribute to greater phenol production, increased DNA damage, and reduced ammonia concentration in the colon.
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Lower levels of cecal BCAA were found in rats who ate a lower protein diet (14% of total energy) than those who consumed a high protein diet (20% of total energy).
“Lower levels of cecal BCAA were found in rats who ate a lower protein diet (14% of total energy) than those who consumed a high protein diet (20% of total energy) [136].”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [136]
Plant-based protein (potato protein concentrate) positively impacted colonic health by reducing enzymatic activity of β-glucuronidase, a biomarker for the risk of carcinogenesis, in rats.
“These authors also showed that plant-based protein proved to be beneficial compared to animal protein, where potato protein concentrate (PPC) consumption positively impacted colonic health by reducing enzymatic activity of β-glucuronidase, which is a biomarker for the risk of carcinogenesis [136].”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [136]
Rats that ate PPC and low protein diets presented deeper cecal crypts, indicating more cell proliferation and renewal necessary for epithelial repair.
“The rats that ate PPC and low protein diets also presented deeper cecal crypts, illustrating that they had more cell proliferation and renewal which is necessary for epithelial repair [136].”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [136]
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- Authors
- Taciak, M., Barszcz, M., Tuśnio, A., & Pastuszewska, B.
- Affiliations
- Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Taciak, Marcin
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-11-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e0142176
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4633030
- OpenAlex
- W2143385400
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 5.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- non-digestible carbohydrates, protein abundance, cecal digesta, colonic digesta, short-chain fatty acids, pectin, cellulose, potato protein concentrate, casein, cecal fermentation, phenol production, ammonia, beta-glucuronidase, colonic morphology
- MeSH terms
- Ammonia, Animals, Body Weight, Cecum, Cellulose, Colon, Cresols, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, DNA Damage, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Glucuronidase, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Intestine, Large, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Pectins, Propionates, Starch, Biomarkers, Rats, Wistar, Acetic Acid, Phenol
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