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A Global Analysis of Deforestation in Moist Tropical Forest Protected Areas

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Spracklen, B. D., Kalamandeen, M., Galbraith, D., Gloor, E., Spracklen, D. V.·2015·PLOS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0143886PMC PMC4669159

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Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) have been established to conserve tropical forests, but their effectiveness at reducing deforestation is uncertain. To explore this issue, we combined high resolution data of global forest loss over the period 2000-2012 with data on PAs. For each PA we quantified forest loss within the PA, in buffer zones 1, 5, 10 and 15 km outside the PA boundary as well as a 1 km buffer within the PA boundary. We analysed 3376 tropical and subtropical moist forest PAs in 56 countries over 4 continents. We found that 73% of PAs experienced substantial deforestation pressure, with >0.1% a(-1) forest loss in the outer 1 km buffer. Forest loss within PAs was greatest in Asia (0.25% a(-1)) compared to Africa (0.1% a(-1)), the Neotropics (0.1% a(-1)) and Australasia (Australia and Papua New Guinea; 0.03% a(-1)). We defined performance (P) of a PA as the ratio of forest loss in the inner 1 km buffer compared to the loss that would have occurred in the absence of the PA, calculated as the loss in the outer 1 km buffer corrected for any difference in deforestation pressure between the two buffers. To remove the potential bias due to terrain, we analysed a subset of PAs (n = 1804) where slope and elevation in inner and outer 1 km buffers were similar (within 1° and 100 m, respectively). We found 41% of PAs in this subset reduced forest loss in the inner buffer by at least 25% compared to the expected inner buffer forest loss (P<0.75). Median performance (P) of subset reserves was 0.87, meaning a reduction in forest loss within the PA of 13%. We found PAs were most effective in Australasia (P = 0.16), moderately successful in the Neotropics (P = 0.72) and Africa (p = 0.83), but ineffective in Asia (P = 1). We found many countries have PAs that give little or no protection to forest loss, particularly in parts of Asia, west Africa and central America. Across the tropics, the median effectiveness of PAs at the national level improved with gross domestic product per capita. Whilst tropical and subtropical moist forest PAs do reduce forest loss, widely varying performance suggests substantial opportunities for improved protection, particularly in Asia.

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Authors: Spracklen, B. D., Kalamandeen, M., Galbraith, D., Gloor, E., & Spracklen, D. V.
Affiliations: University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author: Spracklen, B. D.
ORCID: Spracklen, B. D.
Kalamandeen, M.
Galbraith, D.
Gloor, E.
Spracklen, D. V.
Venue: PLOS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2015-12-03
Volume: 10
Issue: 12
Pages: e0143886
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143886
PMC: PMC4669159
OpenAlex: W2183313292
Cited by: 141
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 7.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: United Bank of Carbon
Natural Environment Research Council (NE/F005806/1, NE/G015015/1, NE/K01644X/1)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Management and Policy
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
Keywords: protected areas, deforestation, forest loss, tropical humid forest, subtropical forest, protected area effectiveness, buffer zones, forest conservation, GDP per capita, spatial autocorrelation, Neotropical region, Africa, Australasia, Central America, western Pacific, eastern North America, eastern South America, eastern Australia, East Antarctica
MeSH terms: Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Trees, Tropical Climate, Forests

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A Global Analysis of Deforestation in Moist Tropical Forest Protected Areas

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