What’s in a Name? Effect of Breed Perceptions & Labeling on Attractiveness, Adoptions & Length of Stay for Pit-Bull-Type Dogs
Open accessAbstract
Previous research has indicated that certain breeds of dogs stay longer in shelters than others. However, exactly how breed perception and identification influences potential adopters' decisions remains unclear. Current dog breed identification practices in animal shelters are often based upon information supplied by the relinquishing owner, or staff determination based on the dog's phenotype. However, discrepancies have been found between breed identification as typically assessed by welfare agencies and the outcome of DNA analysis. In Study 1, the perceived behavioral and adoptability characteristics of a pit-bull-type dog were compared with those of a Labrador Retriever and Border Collie. How the addition of a human handler influenced those perceptions was also assessed. In Study 2, lengths of stay and perceived attractiveness of dogs that were labeled as pit bull breeds were compared to dogs that were phenotypically similar but were labeled as another breed at an animal shelter. The latter dogs were called "lookalikes." In Study 3, we compared perceived attractiveness in video recordings of pit-bull-type dogs and lookalikes with and without breed labels. Lastly, data from an animal shelter that ceased applying breed labeling on kennels were analyzed, and lengths of stay and outcomes for all dog breeds, including pit bulls, before and after the change in labeling practice were compared. In total, these findings suggest that breed labeling influences potential adopters' perceptions and decision-making. Given the inherent complexity of breed assignment based on morphology coupled with negative breed perceptions, removing breed labels is a relatively low-cost strategy that will likely improve outcomes for dogs in animal shelters.
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The lack of euthanasia policies results in the development of long-term dog populations, particularly for older, male, large-sized, neutered dogs of a "dangerous breed" displaying behavioural problems such as aggression and high arousal.
“While the duration of a dog’s stay in a shelter varies widely [173], the lack of euthanasia policies results in the development of long-term dog populations, particularly for older, male, large-sized, neutered dogs of a “dangerous breed” displaying behavioural problems such as aggression and high arousal [174,175].”
From Ethical Concerns about Fashionable Dog Breeding (2024) · cites this paper as [174]
The General Discussion (page not provided) reports that pit-bull-type dogs waited over three times as long for adoption as similar dogs with other breed labels, supporting the breed-related length-of-stay point. The paper does not establish that a lack of euthanasia policies creates long-term shelter populations, or that older, male, large, neutered dogs with aggression or high arousal are particularly affected. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Gunter, L. M., Barber, R. T., & Wynne, C. D. L.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gunter, Lisa M.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-03-23
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0146857
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4805246
- OpenAlex
- W2304939781
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Animal Law and Welfare
- Keywords
- dog adoption, animal shelters, perceived attractiveness, Labrador Retriever, Border Collie, dog breed identification
- MeSH terms
- Adoption, Animals, Animal Welfare, Behavior, Animal, Breeding, Dogs, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Perception, Phenotype, Product Labeling
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